Awareness of monkeypox outbreaks, mechanisms of transmission, diagnostics, and countermeasures-A mini review

Abstract

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) a member of the Poxviridae family is a double-stranded DNA, and in humans, causes a zoonotic disease similar to smallpox known as monkeypox, which is endemic to Africa. Now it’s a public health issue worldwide and in May 2022 outbreak of monkeypox occurred in Europe. Monkeypox (MPX) is a contagious disease that can be transmitted by infected animals, direct skin-to-skin contact, and respiratory droplets. As countermeasures different antiviral drugs are available like tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir. Globally to support public health prevention and control measures for such outbreaks public should be aware of pathogenetic epidemiological and diagnostic aspects. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different aspects of this disease including outbreaks, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment measures. Globally it is an issue for health security and to tackle this problem it’s necessary to develop a multidisciplinary approach involving veterinarians, physicians, virologists, and public health experts.