2026-04-05T15:00:53Z https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/oai

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/320 2020-12-06T04:04:10Z jssgp:ART

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/152 2019-02-20T10:42:14Z jssgp:ART

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/570 2024-12-05T05:50:01Z wjb:ART driver

Spatiotemporal distribution of red vented bulbul (Pycononotus cafer) by GIS application in District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan Khan, Muhammad Tariq Azam, Abdur Rehman Ashraf, Asma Latif, Tooba Qadeer, Saima Muneeb, Ahmed Ullah, Sana Nasir, Muhammad Farhan Ecological modelling is very useful tool to evaluate the spatial distribution and breeding biology. In this study GIS mapping was use to study the population of Red Vented Bulbul in 8 different regions (Chikrala, Abba Khel, Chiddru, Namal Lake, Musa Khel, Sawans, Bittian, and Gulmeri) of the district Mianwali. Spatial distribution of specie, their nests structures, total eggs and hatching rate was thoroughly investigated during the survey. Results revealed that mostly this specie was found in continuous circulations around all sites except Gulmeri. Population density was recorded higher from the month of March to July and then starts deceasing. Breeding time started from late February to late July. For nest construction, 42 nests have been investigated from study sites and observed that the Red Vented Bulbul used different plant species, including Psidium guajava, Zizyphus nummularia, Dodonea viscosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Phoenix dactylifera, Berberis lyceum, Vitis vinifera, and Morus alba. The incubation time of the eggs range between 11-14 days. The incubating and fledgling success was found to be 82 and 87% respectively. The study shows that the Red Vented Bulbul is widely distributed throughout the targeted regions of the district Mianwali. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/570 10.33865/wjb.007.03.0570 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 3; 19-23 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/570/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Tariq Khan, Abdur Rehman Azam, Asma Ashraf, Tooba Latif, Saima Qadeer, Ahmed Muneeb, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Farhan Nisar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/86 2024-12-05T05:54:35Z wjb:ART driver

EFFECT OF FERTILIZER FACTORY WASTES ON SEED GERMINATION, PLANT GROWTH AND ROOT-KNOT DISEASE DEVELOPMENT IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) PLANTS Dixit, Gopal Fertilizer waste, seed germination, plant growth, root-knot index, tomato In the present research paper studies have been made on fertilizer factory wastes on percent seed germination, root and shoot length of plants and development of root-knot galls by Meloidogyne incognita in five cultivars of tomato. Though all the cultivars showed almost similar impact of fertilizer wastes on seed germination, plant growth and resistance for root-knot disease with little variation. Percent germination of seeds and plant growth was found decreased while the root-knot index was increased along with the increase in concentration of fertilizer wastes. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2017-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/86 10.33865/wjb.002.02.0086 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 2, No 2; 151-154 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/86/PDF https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/86/1 Copyright (c) 2017 Gopal Dixit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1133 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:ART driver

Floristic inventory and ecological diversity of algal flora of Lotkuh District Lower Chitral, Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan Madad, Allah Khan, Ahmad Haris Ullah, Hafiz Hayat, Izaz Haq, Ihtisham Ul Lili, Wang Xiangxiang, Hu Jan, Shafiq Landscape, fresh water, streams, parameters, spirogyra, alkaline, reticulata The study was conducted to explore the algal biodiversity of Lotkoh, District Lower Chitral, a landscape of glaciers, springs, freshwater streams, and ponds. The study concluded that the algal community studied 13 orders, 17 families and 62 species. The current study was conducted to evaluate the algal flora and ecological parameters of various areas of Lotkoh. The study was conducted from March 2020 to October 2020. A total of 62 taxa were discovered from different areas of Lotkoh valley. The total algal flora discovered is distributed over 17 families. Family Zygnemataceae is the leading family with the total contribution of 17% followed by Oedogoniaceae (10%), Oscillatoriaceae (9%) and Scenedesmaceae, Hydrodictyaceae, Chlamydomonadaceae, Cocconeidaceae (7% each), while Cladophoraceae, Vauchariceae 5%, Cocconeidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemataceae, Fragilariaceae (1%). The pH for the algal community ranges from 5.7 the lowest to 8.00 the highest. The water analysis for pH suggested that during a year, most of the times, water remains alkaline. Though river Lotkoh is added by different tributaries, but most of the time of the year, their pH remains uniform and does not alter rapidly. The deviation of the pH from 7 has different consequences on the dissociation of solutes, availability of nutrients, and ultimately the growth of the algae. Temperature is one of the crucial factors of algal distribution and community development. The study showed that most of the algae were distributed between temperature 20℃- 30℃. In the study area, the different collection areas have water bodies with different temperatures. The lowest temperature was recorded for the alga Spirogyra dent reticulata which was 15 SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1133 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1133 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 17-19 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1133/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1133/174 Copyright (c) 2024 Allah Madad, Ahmad Haris Khan, Hafiz Ullah, Izaz Hayat, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Wang Lili, Hu Xiangxiang, Shafiq Jan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/236 2026-03-13T00:49:36Z wjb:RART driver

STRAWBERRY (Fragaria ananassa Duch): PHYTOCHEMICALS, NUTRACEUTICALS AND HEALTH BENEFITS. A BRIEF REVIEW Ikram, Samia Abassi, Usman Ali Khalid, Nauman Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch): Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals and Health Benefits Strawberry is an accessory fruit stimulated by cold weather as a berry, reported to constitute, phenolic acid, ellagic acid and its derivatives EA-4-arabiniside, EA-4-acetylarabinoside, EA-4-acetylxyloside, β-carotenoids (Lutein, β-carotene), omega-3 fatty acids and derivatives. Fruits especially berries/soft fruits have combination of antioxidants and phytochemicals. the phenolic compounds present in strawberries are responsible for antioxidant properties rather than to vitamin C and these dietary antioxidants prevent or limit the potential cancer-inducing oxidative damage.  These compounds play a synergistic and cumulative role in health promotion. The risk of persistent diseases and oxidative damage to the cellular system can also be prohibited or lowered by these antioxidant compounds (phytochemicals), such as phenolics and carotenoids Strawberries enhance the palatableness of a cholesterol-dropping food whereas it maintains the serum lipid reductions of the food consumed. Cognitive and motor functions are age-related declines that are slowed by strawberry intake and it also has cancer fighting constituents, it also has a potential of decreasing the risk of heart diseases, the females with high strawberry ingestion have reduced levels of an inflammatory marker in their blood. Strawberry extract was found to decrease the activity of transcription factors involved in tumor promotion and there is a need to consume sufficient amounts of antioxidants avoid or reduce the oxidative stress stimulated by free radicals SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/236 10.33865/wjb.004.03.0236 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 3; 25-34 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/236/pdf Copyright (c) 2019 Samia Ikram, Usman Ali Abassi, Nauman Khalid ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1453 2025-07-19T02:01:23Z wjb:ART driver

Response of yield and associated traits of wheat genotypes to temperature fluctuations at Dera Ismail Khan Khan, Muhammad Rizwan Jamil Hassan, Ayesha Aslam, Mustansar Khan, Muhammad Mohibullah Ullah, Kalim Ali, Laraib T.astivum, Planting times, growing degree days, genotypes Wheat is the third largest staple food crop accounting for approximately 4% of cropland and its demand is continuously increasing to feed the growing world population. Average surface temperature and recurrent heat waves are continuously rising from last few decades that adversely influence yield potential of various crops including wheat. Temperature differences can be fashioned by cultivating at diverse planting times. Aim of current investigation was to appraise impact of planting times and thermal high temperature (growing degree days) on yield of 8 cultivars. Crop was exposed to four planting times in wheat crop season 2022-23. Experiment was carried out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with 3 replications. Results revealed that planting times depicted significant variances for all considered yield and associated traits. Similarly, cultivars too exhibited highly significant differences for plant height, physiological maturity, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield/plant however 50% days to heading and tillers per plant depicted non-significant differences among genotypes. Interaction of planting time to genotypes was also significant for 50% days to heading, days to physiological maturity, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike and 1000 grain weight however it was non-significant for plant height, tillers/plant and grain yield per plant. Cultivar AZRC-Dera produced highest grain yield/plant on account of maximum spikelets, grains spike-1, tillers and thousand grain weight. Highest grain yield was recorded in planting times from 1st November to 20th November due to accumulation of more heat units whereas late cultivation reduced production on account of less accumulation of heat units. Therefore it is determined that wheat should be planted from 1st November to 20th November in Dera Ismail Khan to have good harvest SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED University of Central Punjab Okara Campus, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Gomal University, Cytogenetics Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1453 10.33865/wjb.10.1.1453 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 1; 19-23 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1453/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rizwan Jamil Khan, Ayesha Hassan, Mustansar Aslam, Muhammad Mohibullah Khan, Kalim Ullah, Laraib Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/400 2026-03-21T00:25:39Z wjb:ART driver

The impact of Covid-19 on small businesses in the North of Iraq Akbay, Cuma Khalil, Diyar Muadh Odel, Naji Masseho COVID-19 pandemic, Small Business, Debt-Sale and Unemployment This study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on small businesses in the Northern region of Iraq. The survey sample included 235 persons in Erbil governorate. According to the results, small businesses in all sectors in the region have been affected negatively by COVID-19. The COVID-19 has had negative effects on 74% of participants’ business; this means that most of them have suffered huge losses, to the extent that some of them have suffered huge losses more than the profit of the several months before COVID-19. Based on the survey result, sales on debt have increased so much that the average of these sales in debt is 86.4%. The majority of participants pointed out that during the outbreak of coronavirus, most people paid more attention to the price of the product than to the quality SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/400 10.33865/wjb.006.01.0400 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 1; 21-23 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/400/PDF Copyright (c) 2021 Cuma Akbay, Diyar Muadh Khalil, Naji Masseho Odel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/474 2024-12-05T05:50:29Z wjb:ART driver

Effect of different solvents on phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of licorice extract Ahmed, Saleha Ahmad, Asif Izhar, Kausar Safdar, Muhammad Naeem Raja, Muhammad Usman Aslam, Iram Antioxidant; extraction; flavonoid; medicinal; phenolic, preservation Effect of the solvents ethanol, acetone, and distilled water at several concentrations on the antimicrobial potential, antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and phenolic content, and biochemical screening was studied for licorice extract. All extract at 100% solvent concentration showed the presence of phenols, carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids followed by 75% and 50% concentrations except fatty acids, proteins, and quinones. The highest total phenolic content (114.17 mg/GAE) was observed in 100% ethanol extract and total flavonoid content (56 mg/QE) in 100% distilled water extract. The ethanol 100% extract had greatest antioxidant activity (62.3%) at 400µg/mL concentration. Antimicrobial effect was recorded higher against Streptococcus pyogenes (21mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (20mm) in 100% ethanol extract. Gram-negative bacteria showed resistance against all licorice extract. Due to various bioactive compounds in licorice extract it would be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in the pharmaceutical and food industry with multiple health benefits SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED The work was supported by Higher education commission, Pakistan and PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2022-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/474 10.33865/wjb.007.01.0474 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 1; 15-21 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/474/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/474/28 https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/474/29 Copyright (c) 2022 Saleha Ahmed, Asif Ahmad, Kausar Izhar, Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Iram Aslam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/7 2024-12-05T05:56:30Z wjb:ART driver

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MUSKMELON WINE: EFFECT OF DILUTION OF PULP, DAHP, PECTINESTERASE ENZYME AND CITRIC ACID ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS Joshi, Vinod K. Kumar, Vikas Chauhan, Harmeet Anwar, Beenu Muskmelon, dilution, DAHP, pectinesterase enzyme, citric acid, wine, cluster analysis, PCA An attempt has been made to study the effect of dilution, addition of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP), pectinesterase enzyme and citric acid on the fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory quality characteristics of muskmelon wine. Initial physico-chemical characteristics of the muskmelon pulp showed that it is an average source of sugars and a good source of phenols, which make it more suitable as fermentation media. Out of the two dilutions, fermentation of 1:1 dilution of muskmelon pulp gave good fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics except fermentation efficiency and amino acid content. Fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of muskmelon wine was found to be affected significantly by the addition of DAHP in the must. The addition of pectinesterase enzyme significantly effected fermentability, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the muskmelon wine except pH, titratable acidity and amino acid content. Addition of citric acid in the must did not show any drastic impact on the quality of muskmelon wine. Clustering of the data showed that muskmelon wine prepared using 1:1 dilution of pulp with the addition of DAHP and pectinesterase enzyme fell in one cluster, whereas, the rest of the wines fell in the other cluster. Physico-chemical characteristics and variables of muskmelon wine were reduced to two principal components using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that accounted for 89.02% and 98.03% variation respectively. It is concluded that 1:1 dilution of muskmelon pulp, with the addition of DAHP, pectinesterase enzyme and citric acid can be successfully used for the preparation of good quality muskmelon wine. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/7 10.33865/wjb.001.02.0007 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 2; 57-64 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/7/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Vinod K. Joshi, Vikas Kumar, Harmeet Chauhan, Beenu Anwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1121 2024-12-05T05:44:52Z wjb:ART driver

Hepatoprotective outcome of Silymarin against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rabbit model Ashfaq, Khurram Haq, Shahbaz ul Tehreem, Aila Rahim, Abdur Saddiqui, Shahrood Ahmed Ullah, Asad Taj, Raheela Usmani, Muhammad Wasim Khan, Arsalan Carbon tetrachloride, herbal medication, LFT’s, liver tonic, silymarin, toxicity For centuries, medicinal plants have been used to treat human and animal ailments. Recent research indicated Silymarin as commonly employed antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiviral and antifibrotic. Anti-oxidant properties are believed to be responsible for its hepatoprotective effect. In this research, 46 rabbits were utilized in total. Each rabbit was separated into 04 groups: Group A (n=13) served as control and received neither Silymarin nor CCl4 treatment. Group B (n=13) was given 100 mg/Kg CCl4 as treatment. CCl4 and Silymarin were administered to Groups C and D (n=10), respectively. Using commercially available assays, the parameters Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and serum urea were determined for each animal. Multiple comparisons between each of the four categories were analyzed statistically. Administration of Silymarin in CCl4-induced liver toxicity improved all parameters significantly (P<0.05). The AST Mean ± SE of Groups A, B, C and D was 73.98 ± 2.22, 137.00 ± 4.22, 120.90 ± 3.00 and 95.43 ± 2.85 respectively. Groups A, B, C, and D had respective ALT Mean SE values of 44.51+ 2.64, 99.47 + 3.19, 74.60 + 3.20, and 54.60 + 3.20. Total Bilirubin for Groups A, B, C, and D were 0.622 + 0.023, 1.302 + 0.025, 0.959 + 0.033, and 0.765 + 0.024, respectively. 100 mg Silymarin demonstrated more significant results than 50 mg Silymarin. In conclusion, Silymarin has hepatoprotective, anti-fibrotic, and anti-cirrhosis properties. It is well-tolerated and efficacious antidote for CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1121 10.33865/wjb.008.02.1121 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 2; 33-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1121/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1121/169 Copyright (c) 2023 Khurram Ashfaq, Shahbaz ul Haq, Aila Tehreem, Abdur Rahim, Shahrood Ahmed Saddiqui, Asad Ullah, Raheela Taj, Muhammad Wasim Usmani, Arsalan Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/214 2026-03-13T00:47:29Z wjb:RART driver

PESTICIDES; ACUTE POISONING, SUICIDES AND DISABILITY IN HUMANS Ramzan, Muhammad Naeem-Ullah, Unsar Bokhari, Syed Haroon Masood Saba, Shafia Pesticides, cotton, human health, Pakistan Pakistan is a place where only pesticides is considered as an effective source for control of pests and diseases, and we are using these deliberately by involving wide range of pesticides. Majority of chemicals are used in agriculture as data suggests that about 49399 million metric tons of pesticides had been used only in agriculture sector in 2010 in the country. Use of pesticides in other fields such as public health, fisheries, forestry and food industry is not included in the data. Though pesticides are useful in managing pest populations but these have adverse effects on humans, animals and ecosystems. The current work exhibits the effects of pesticides on human health in the country. Acute poisoning is one of the key issues resulted by unsafe handling and storage of pesticides in on-farm and off-farm premises in developing economies. From various areas in the country, pesticides are reported to be used as tool for suicide by teen agers due to easy access. According to department of Plant Protection (Karachi), total of 200 workers get affected showing low enzyme activity in their blood. In Multan, an adverse situation was observed as elevated levels (87.5 %) of acetylcholinesteras (AchE) activity was recorded in female cotton pickers as compared to males which have low (36 %) AchE activity because cotton is picked mostly by women in Pakistan. The aim of this work is to sum-up the weaknesses in practicing / implementing current policies and legislations for safe handling, storage and judicious use of pesticides. The acquired knowledge will later be used in making and improving the existing regulations for the subject SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Nothing supporting agencies 2019-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/214 10.33865/wjb.004.02.0214 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 2; 5-8 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/214/PDF https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/214/7 Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah, Syed Haroon Masood Bokhari, Shafia Saba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1342 2024-12-20T16:42:40Z wjb:ART driver

Morpho-molecular identification of alkaline protease producing bacteria from municipal solid wastes in Bangladesh Bhuiyan, Farhana Rumzum Emon, Tanvir Hossain Motaleb, Md. Abdul Isolation; Alkaline protease; Municipal solid wastes Alkaline proteases have become important enzymes that find widespread use in diverse industrial applications. This research was aimed to isolate alkaline protease producing bacterial isolates from protein-based waste. In the current study, proteolytic bacteria were isolated and screened from protein-based wastes. Depending upon the maximum relative diameter of the clear zones, 3 isolates were selected for identification by culturing at alkaline (pH 9) media. The selected isolates were identified as G+ve Firmicutes (isolate 1) and G-ve proteobacteria (isolate 2 & 3) based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The 16S rDNA was amplified through polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Due to insufficient sequence length, first isolate has not been identified at molecular level. Isolate 2 and 3 have been identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas hibiscicola by using different bioinformatics tools. Our study revealed that the bacterial extracellular alkaline protease can be produced from selected bacterial strains which might be potential for industrial and biotechnological applications. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED UGC, Bangladesh 2024-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1342 10.33865/wjb.009.03.1342 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 3; 27-31 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1342/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Tanvir Hossain Emon, Md. Abdul Motaleb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/308 2024-12-05T05:52:42Z wjb:ART driver

Histomorphology of accessory sex glands in one-humped camel bull (Camelus dromedarius), Uda Rams and Red Sokoto Buck Mahmud, Muhammad Abdullahi Onu, Josephat Edoga Shehu, Sani Abdullahi Umar, Abubakar Abubakar Danmaigoro, Abubakar Accessory sex glands of fifteen apparently healthy adult one-humped Camel bulls (OCB), Uda rams (UR) and Red Sokoto bucks (RSB) (Five per species) were collected from Sokoto metropolitan abattoir. They were then dissected out for routine histology using H&E. The size of muscularis and the number of secretory cells in the ampullary gland were observed to be highest in OCB, followed by UR and least in RSB. In the three species, the vesicular gland has tubular secretory glands and was separated into lobules by connective tissue trabeculae. Multiple acini were observed with an irregular folded lumen and were lined by simple columnar secretory cells. The prostate of OCB was observed to have highest amount of the interstitial connective tissues and rich in striated muscles which surround the lobules. Fibromuscular trabeculae extended into the parenchyma and most pronounced in OCB than other two species. The number of secretory acini appeared to be more in RSB than the other two species. The bulbourethral gland has numerous connective tissue and numerous trabeculae that originated from the capsule and divides the gland into lobules. Each lobule is populated by acini. In all the three species, the parenchyma is lobulated and consists of compound-tubulo-alveolar secretory end pieces. It was concluded that although results showed that the studied animals are different ruminant species, they exhibit some similarities and interesting histomorphological differences in their accessory sex glands compared to the majority of mammals SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-08-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/308 10.33865/wjb.005.03.0308 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 3; 23-25 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/308/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Abdullahi Mahmud, Josephat Edoga Onu, Sani Abdullahi Shehu, Abubakar Abubakar Umar, Abubakar Danmaigoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/290 2020-05-01T21:15:15Z wjb:SC

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/962 2024-12-05T05:44:52Z wjb:ART driver

The DNA threat probing of some chromophores using UV/VIS spectroscopy Khan, Shahab Rahman, Faizan Ur Zahoor, Muhammad Haq, Azmat Ul Shah, Abdul Bari Rahman, Mudassir Ur Rahman, Hamad Ur Bromothymol blue; Bromophenol blue; Bromocresol green; Malachite green; phosphate buffer Chromosphere such as triaryl methane family of dyes used in various industries can affect the body of living organism system upon the interaction with the most biochemical molecule is the DNA. In this research, the binding mode of triaryl methane family of chromophore dyes that is Bromothymol blue, Bromophenol blue, Bromocresol green and Malachite green with double strand DNA in phosphate buffer at pH 6.9 was investigated through UV/VIS spectroscopy. The study shows that Bromothymol blue undergo non covalent interaction with DNA, bromocresol green interact through groove binding and malachite green and bromophenol blue interact through intercalative and partially through electrostatic mode of interaction with DNA. The studies on the binding nature of chemicals/dyes, which are regarded as small molecules to DNA are important and fundamental issues in life sciences. These dyes were found to be more toxic and care should be taken during disposing them off. Proper disposal of these dyes is needed for safe environment and healthy life. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/962 10.33865/wjb.008.02.0962 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 2; 19-22 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/962/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Shahab Khan, Faizan Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zahoor, Azmat Ul Haq, Abdul Bari Shah, Mudassir Ur Rahman, Hamad Ur Rahman Mail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/165 2024-12-05T05:53:16Z wjb:ART driver

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND PACKAGING MATERIAL FOR IMPROVING POST HARVEST QUALITY OF GLADIOLUS (Gladiolus grandiflorus) CUT SPIKES Manzoor, Ayesha Rahman, Adnan-ur- Qamar, Maryam Ashraf, Sharmin AgNO3, cut spike, gladiolus, polyethylene, postharvest, sucrose, vase life Gladiolus is an important cut flower in the world, and its preference in Pakistan is next to roses. But the main problem that occurs in gladiolus is that it has short vase life. The present experiment was conducted with an objective to investigate the effect of four preservative solutions [distilled water, Sucrose (3%), AgNO3 (250 ppm), AgNO3 (250 ppm) + Sucrose (3%)] and packaging material on postharvest quality of three gladiolus varieties, “Tissue, White Prosperity and Alexandra”. Packaging material consists of control treatment (without packaging), packaging of cut spikes with 100 ppm acetic acid soaked cotton and packaging of polyethylene sheet after sucrose pulsing. The experiment was arranged as two factorial laid out according to completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. Results showed that preservative solution having combination of AgNO3 (250 ppm) + Sucrose (3%) significantly improves days to open basal floret, floret opening percentage (%), bloom spread (inch), floret length (inch), floret diameter (inch), fresh spike weight (g), dry spike weight (g), fresh weight loss (%) and vase life (days). Moreover, this treatment was also effective in reducing the wilting (%) in all gladiolus varieties. However, for solution uptake (mL/spike) and solution balance (ml/spike), AgNO3 (250 ppm)alone gives the best results. For packaging treatment, the pulsing of a cut spike with 20% sucrose followed by polyethylene sheet wrapping proves to be effective. Among the varieties, Alexandra performed better for all quality parameters in comparison to White Prosperity and Tissue SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2018-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/165 10.33865/wjb.003.03.0165 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 3, No 3; 215-222 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/165/PDF Copyright (c) 2018 Ayesha Manzoor, Adnan-ur- Rahman, Maryam Qamar, Sharmin Ashraf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1284 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:SC driver

Evaluating the use of smartphones for processing computational tasks: "A case study for the annotation of prokaryotic genomes" Junior, Jamir Nascimento Cardoso Oliveira, Mônica Silva De Veras, Adonney Allan De Oliveira genomic annotation, software, android, smartphone Currently, there is a growing dependence on smartphones in the daily lives of thousands of people, noting that the number of users continues to rise, surpassing the number of computers in use globally. In addition, the performance of smartphone hardware has become an essential factor when choosing these devices, along with price, brand and operating system. Constant innovations in smartphones have made these devices increasingly powerful, even rivaling the performance of many computers. The example of the Samsung S23 5G, which has features comparable to a low-performance notebook, illustrates the advancement of the hardware in these devices. Despite the growing demand for advanced hardware in smartphones, many users may not fully understand the technical specifications of the processors. The article proposes an evaluation of the use of this hardware in the execution of specific tasks, with a focus on the annotation of prokaryotic genomes. The methodology of the study involved selecting popular smartphones from Samsung and Motorola, choosing the Android operating system due to its efficiency in resource management, using the Prokka tool for genomic annotation due to its minimal resource requirements and using Termux, a terminal emulator that allows users to run a full Linux distribution on Android devices. To evaluate performance, the article uses the Linux 'time' command to measure execution time, memory consumption, CPU utilization and other relevant metrics SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1284 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1284 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 45-48 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1284/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Jamir Nascimento Cardoso Junior, Mônica Silva De Oliveira, Adonney Allan De Oliveira Veras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/305 2026-03-20T22:59:21Z wjb:ART driver

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in GBBSI and SSIIa genes in relation to starch physicochemical properties in selected rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties Alweera, Diluka Kottearachchi, Nisha Sulari Gimhani, Dikkumburage Radhika Senarathna, Kumudu Alk gene, amylose content, single nucleotide polymorphism, Waxy gene Starch quality is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L). In this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Waxy and Alk genes of eight rice varieties and their associations with starch physicochemical properties.vi.e.vamylose content (AC) and gelatinization temperature (GT). Seven Sri Lankan rice varieties, Pachchaperumal, Herathbanda, At 354, Bg 352, Balasuriya, H 6 and Bw 295-5 were detected as high amylose varieties while Nipponbare exhibited low amylose content. In silico analysis of the Waxy gene revealed that all tested Sri Lankan varieties possessed ‘G’ (Wxa allele) instead of ‘T’ in the first intron which could explain varieties with high and intermediate amylose content. All Sri Lankan varieties had ‘A’ instead of ‘C’ in exon 6 of the Waxy gene and this fact was tally with the varieties showing high amylose content. Therefore, possessing the Wxa allele in the first intron and ‘A’ in exon 6 could be used as a molecular marker for the selection of high amylose varieties as validated using several Sri Lankan varieties. All Sri Lankan varieties except, Bw 295-5 exhibited the intermediate type of GT which could not be explained using the so far reported allelic differences in the Alk gene. However, Bw 295-5 which is a low GT variety had two nucleotide polymorphisms in the last exon of the Alk gene, i.e. ‘G’ and ‘TT’ that represent low GT class. Therefore, it can be concluded that sequence variations of Waxy and Alk genes reported in this study are useful in breeding local rice varieties with preferential amylose content and GT class. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-05-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/305 10.33865/wjb.005.02.0305 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 2; 23-30 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/305/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Diluka Alweera, Nisha Sulari Kottearachchi, Dikkumburage Radhika Gimhani, Kumudu Senarathna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1562 2026-02-11T16:54:59Z wjb:ART driver

Screening growth promoting potential of Halotolerant bacillus strains in maize under saline stress Bano, Iqra Navid, Shafaq Ali, Basharat Salinity, rhizobacteria, growth promotion, Zea mays, plants, stress This current study was conducted to screen halotolerant bacterial strains for their ability to enhance the productivity of Zea mays (L,) under saline stress. The soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Acacia arabica (L.) tree growing in saline areas. Halotolerant strains were isolated by using salt amended growth media. The final taxonomic status of strains was confirmed by 16S RNA sequence analysis. The strains were analysed for auxin production, phosphate solubilisation, antibiotic sensitivity, and hydrogen cyanide production. The effect of isolated strains on the growth of maize was checked under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The sequence analysis confirmed local strains belonged to the genus Bacillus. For auxin production, strains B7and B4 were recorded to produce a 1-fold and 96% improvement, in the presence of L-tryptophan. Rooting assay recorded up to a 70% increase with B3 strain, over control. In vivo pot trials at 100 mM NaCl, B1 (82%) recorded statistically significant improvement in shoot length, over control. While for dry weight B5, and B3 were giving 2-fold and 1-fold improvement in growth, respectively. For fresh weight, B5 strain recorded a maximum growth response of 1.5-fold at 200mM NaCl, over the control in vivo.  The results of current study confirmed that salt-tolerant strains can minimize the effects of salinity on the growth of maize plants SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2026-01-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1562 10.33865/wjb.10.03.1562 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 3; 17-20 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1562/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra Bano, Shafaq Navid, Basharat Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/446 2024-12-05T05:50:52Z wjb:ART driver

Sub lethal mutagenic effects of glyphosate herbicides on juveniles of Clarias gariepinus using randomly amplified DNA primers Boniface, Ella Adakole Terese, Azua Celestine, Aguoru Amana, Onekutu Francis, Ella Agbam Jose, Addy sub lethal, mutagenic, glyphosate, Clarias gariepinus and Randomly Amplified DNA primers The use of herbicides to control weeds has been recognized as a part of agricultural practices throughout the world. Unfortunately, the indiscriminate use of these herbicides to improve agricultural production and yield may have impacts on non-target organisms, especially aquatic life forms and their environment. This study is aimed at assessing the sub lethal mutagenic effects of selected glyphosate herbicides on juveniles of Clarias gariepinus using Randomly Amplified DNA primers. Molecular work was carried out in a standard Biotechnology Laboratory (the Bioinformatics Services), Queen Elizabeth Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. There were 4 levels of treatments per glyphosate formulation; each replicated thrice (one tank per replicate). Each tank contained 10 juveniles of C. gariepinus. The Quick-DNA Miniprep Kit was used for the DNA extraction, while Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Based PCR was used for the amplification of the DNA strands. Plate 1 shows the gel image of genomic DNA extracted from C. gariepinus blood without gene amplification. (Plates 2-6) show the DNA amplicons obtained from random amplified primers of fish exposed to different glyphosate formulations at different sub lethal levels of concentrations as compared with the control treatment in order to check for possible mutation. Gel image of RAPD OPB04 primer (Plate 2) gave normal bands as in the control sample except in a sample exposed to Force-up glyphosate at 2.49 mg/L (B2) that gave a faint band. Genetic polymorphism was detected in amplicons of OPT10 primers (Plate 4) In OPT17 primer (Plate 5), there were no DNA bands in fish samples exposed to Force-up glyphosate at 4.98 mg/L (B3), Sunsate glyphosate at 1.21 mg/L (D2) and Touchdown glyphosate at 2.52 mg/L. (E2) or 5.03 mg/L (E3) levels. There were clear evidences of mutagenic effects of the glyphosates in C.gariepinus juveniles as established through the gel image of fish randomly amplified polymorphic DNA primers. The continuous use of the studied glyphosate formulation should be the concern of the public and regulatory bodies SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/446 10.33865/wjb.006.03.0446 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 3; 23-26 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/446/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Ella Adakole Boniface, Azua Terese, Aguoru Celestine, Onekutu Amana, Ella Agbam Francis, Addy Jose https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/710 2024-12-05T05:45:26Z wjb:ART driver

The impact of auxin on the vegetative and reproductive growth of carrot (Dacus carota L.) Ali, Rana Muhammad Azhar Manzoor, Ayesha Naveed, Muhammad Saqib Munawar, Muneeb Ahmad, Rafiq Naz, Farah Mahfooz, Syed Hamza Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), quality seed, root growth, umbel diameter, umbel weight Seed is a basic component of every crop species and quality seed is essential for farmers to achieve greater crop production and higher yields. Seed yield can be improved by using the growth hormones. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) IBAplays a vital role in reproductive and seed development of crop plant. An investigation is being conducted to determine effect of rooting hormone IBA on reproductive growth that leads to seed developement. Roots treated with three levels of IBA (500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500ppm) along with control in a 3 replication. Results showed that roots treated with IBA @ 1500 ppm had taken least number (28.4) of days to flowering with maximum plant height (34.3cm), number of leaves (15.3), leaves length (19.6 cm), number of secondary (10) and tertiary umbels (13.7), diameter of secondary (12.7 cm) and tertiary umbel (4.4), weight of secondary (5.1 g) and tertiary umbel (3.5), seed weight of secondary (4.4 g) and tertiary umbels (1.5 g) and biological weight of the plants (81.0 g) respectively. However, the diameter, weight and seed weight of primary umbel was good in IBA @ 1000 ppm. Thus it is recommended that IBA application at concentration of 1500 ppm can significantly improve growth of carrot seed plants, hence increasing production and seed quality SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Punjab Agricultural Research Board (PARB) 2023-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/710 10.33865/wjb.008.01.0710 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 1; 9-13 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/710/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Rana Muhammad Azhar Ali, Ayesha Manzoor, Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Muneeb Munawar, Rafiq Ahmad, Farah Naz, Syed Hamza Mahfooz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/114 2024-12-05T05:54:16Z wjb:SC driver

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER DOSES ON YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES IN POTATO Deshmukh, Mangesh R. Badgujar, Chintamanrao D. Potato, inorganic fertilizers, nutritional analysis Potato is one of the world’s fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat and corn. More than one billion people consume potatoes worldwide and it is the part of the diet of half a billion people in developing countries. In terms of area, India ranks third in the world after China and Russia and second in production after China. Afield experiment on effects of different fertilizer doses on yield and its attributes on potato was conducted during Rabi season for three consecutive years with an objective to prevent the indiscriminate use of fertilizers by the potato growers. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with seven treatments and 3 replications. The results revealed that potato treated with T2= 100% RDF i.e. 150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 120 kg K2O recorded a yield of 15.33 t/ha which was at par with that recorded by T3 i.e. 150% RDF (13.74 t/ha). The fertilizer dose of 100% RDF was found beneficial for improving yield, quality and storability of potato tubers. The gross monitory return (Rs. 1,83,397/ha) and net monitory return (Rs. 98,401/ ha) were found to be maximum in treatment T2. B:C ratio was found to be maximum in T2. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2017-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/114 10.33865/wjb.002.03.0114 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 2, No 3; 175-177 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/114/PDF Copyright (c) 2017 Mangesh R. Deshmukh, Chintamanrao D. Badgujar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1249 2025-02-28T10:23:56Z wjb:RART driver

Unlocking the antibacterial potential of bacteriocin peptides: A subtractive proteomics approach to target food spoiling Serratia marcescens Yousafi, Qudsia Fatima, Dua Food preservatives, Peptide docking, MD simulation, Subcellular localization Food deterioration is a serious environmental issue as well as a major concern of the food industry. Bacteriocins, a natural food preservative, can help resolve these issues. The peptide sequences of 111 bacteriocins were obtained from UniProt. The physicochemical properties and immunogenicity of peptides were identified. Final 55 non immunogenic antimicrobial peptides were selected. Full proteome of Serratia marcescens, containing 4,706 proteins, was downloaded from UniProt. The subtractive proteomic approaches were used to select target pathogenic proteins. Only seventy-two proteins from outer membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, extracellular and periplasm were selected for further analysis. Only two S. marcescens proteins, UPI0002AF278A and UPI0003C9BA85, were docked with 55 bacteriocins. Five protein-bacteriocin complexes were subjected to MD simulation by using Amber tool. Three complexes, UPI0003C9BA85-P36504, UPI0003C9BA85-P80925m and UPI0003C9BA85-P86394m were found stable during 50ns run of MD simulation. These three bacteriocins are suggested for further laboratory testing to be used as food preservatives SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1249 10.33865/wjb.009.02.1249 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 2; 9-14 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1249/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1249/208 Copyright (c) 2024 Qudsia Yousafi, Dua Fatima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/277 2026-03-20T22:38:37Z wjb:ART driver

Effect of silicon and gibberellic acid on growth and flowering of gladiolus Farooq, Muhammad Umer Ahmad, Khalid Masood Sadique, Muhammad Adnan Shabbir, Farhan Khalid, Mirza Muhammad Waseem Shahzad, Muhammad GA3, silicon, rose supreme Gladiolus grandiflorus is known and grown for its high profit and excellent cut flower. To compete with other growers and to meet the consumer demand the grower should adopt new techniques and apply effective chemicals to the plant precisely which in result gives good quality flowers. For this an experiment was carried out on Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Rose supreme in experimental area of department of horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. There were 6 treatments and 3 replications and the corms were planted in pots. Each treatment in replications is replicated four times to get best results. The sowing was done on 3rd December 2018 and the first application of chemicals was applied on 15/02/2019. The total number of applications was 6 and each application was applied by foliar application after one week interval. The chemicals were silicon and gibberellic acid. Silicon is applied as T0 (0g), T1 (1g), T2 (2g), T3 (3g), T4 (4g) and T5 (5g) while gibberellic acid has a fixed dose of 200ppm in each treatment. The best results related to vegetative and floral parameters were observed in T4 treatment plants which showed best result and an increase in stalk length, spike length, diameter of floret, diameter of spike, number of leaves per plant, vase life, number of florets per spike, fresh weight of complete flower stalk and plant height. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/277 10.33865/wjb.005.01.0277 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 1; 19-24 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/277/277 Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Umer Farooq, Khalid Masood Ahmad, Muhammad Adnan Sadique, Farhan Shabbir, Mirza Muhammad Waseem Khalid, Muhammad Shahzad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1497 2025-11-26T21:19:25Z wjb:ART driver

A molecular dynamics simulations analysis of repurposing drugs for Marburg Virus using bioinformatics methods Alzahrani, Abdulaziz A number of multidisciplinary methods have piqued the interest of researchers as a means to accelerate and lower the cost of medication creation. The goal of this study is to identify target proteins and select a lead drug against Marburg Virus. We identify envelop glycoprotein after literature review (UniProt ID: P35253). The 3D structure was predicted using I-TASSER. We looked for a potent inhibitor in the FDA-approved database. For docking, AutoDock Vina used through Pyrx. The compound-target protein binding interactions were tested using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The stability of protein and inhibitor complexes in a physiological setting was investigated using Desmond's Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD simulation). According to our findings, we repurpose the FDA-approved drugs ZINC000012503187 and ZINC000096006020, which reduce the action of the virus. The scientific community will gain from this finding, which might create new medicine. The novel repurposed chemicals were promising inhibitors with increased efficacy and fewer side effects. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1497 10.33865/wjb.10.01.1497 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 1; 43-46 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1497/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulaziz Alzahrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/422 2024-12-05T05:51:34Z wjb:ART driver

Characterization and in-vivo toxicological evaluation of imidacloprid nanoemulsion in rats El-bendary, Helmi M. Hassan, Abdel moniem S. Zaki, Amr R. Abo El-Ela, Fatma I. Imidacloprid, nanoemulsion, toxicity, comet assay, rats Acute pesticide poisoning is an important public health problem worldwide and accounts for a significant number of deaths occurring each year. The present article aimed to investigate toxic effects of imidacloprid (IMD) nanoemulsion formulated using ultrasound dispersion technique, and characterized using FTIR, TEM anddynamic light scattering in adult rats. The synthesized Nano-emulsion droplets are mainly spherical in shape and their sizes ranged between (19nm –128 nm) with zeta potential of −38.8± 0.mV. Also, The median lethal dose (LD50) of nano imidacloprid in rats was 39 mg/kg body weight. Administration of different doses of 3, 1.4 and 0.8 mg.kg mg/kg b.wt. of IMD Nano emulsion to rats for 21 days, adversely affects the body weight and weight gain, and resulted in a significant increase in serum serum ALT, AST activities , glucose, Creatinine, urea and cholesterol concentrations, as well as reduced serum total proteins, Albumin and globulin as compared to control rats. The results clearly suggest that treatment with IMD nanoemulsion adversely affects the liver & kidney functions which confirmed by the histopathological findings. Nanoemulsion form and also increases the DNA damage as confirmed by the comet test SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/422 10.33865/wjb.06.01.0422 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 1; 25-31 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/422/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/422/20 https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/422/21 https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/422/22 Copyright (c) 2021 Helmi M. El-bendary, Abdel moniem S. Hassan, Amr R. Zaki, Fatma I. Abo El-Ela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/599 2024-12-05T05:50:01Z wjb:ART driver

Comparative efficacy of fungicide and gamma radiation for controlling blast of wheat Akter, Maksuda Kashem, Md. Abul Swarna, Humayara Zannat Nupu, Maher Afrose Akter, Saji Moni Parvez, Md. Rasel Akter, Saji Moni Hossain, Mohammad Delwar Key words: Wheat blast, fungicide, gamma irradiation, comparison, control. This research is conducted for comparison of an eco-friendly gamma radiation method and chemical fungicidal spray in reducing wheat blast incidence and severity in BINA under both artificial and natural conditions during 2019-2022. Wheat blast infection occurred on the leaves, spikes and newly emerged heads contained typical eye shaped blast symptoms. Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT), a causal agent of wheat blast was isolated by tissue panting method, cultured on OAT medium at 30 ±10C, confirmed by PCR amplified with universal MoT3 primer pairs that resulted 361 bp. The MoT inoculated (@ 5x106 CFU/mL) wheat plants successfully developed blast symptoms after 16 days in four tested wheat varieties/germplasm. An in vitro evaluation of five chemical fungicides was done against MoT where Nativo and Filia completely inhibited (100%) its radial mycelial growth. A total three spray, combination of half doses of Nativo + Filia [(0.3g + 1mL)/L] at 10 days intervals starting from one week of pre-heading or critical stage significantly reduced wheat blast incidence and severity in both artificially inoculated and natural conditions. Gamma radiated M3 population of wheat vars. also showed better performance in reduction of blast severity. Among the four doses of gamma radiation, 300 Gy significantly showed the better performance in reducing blast disease incidence and severity on wheat var. BG 26. Although combined fungicidal spray treatment (TF) significantly reduced 93.1% DI and 94.3 % DS in var. BG26 over control, but the highest percent reduction of wheat blast incidence (97.7%) and severity (98.4%) was observed on gamma irradiated (300 Gy) M3 line (BG26M3L4) under natural condition indicating gamma radiation brought a change in the genetic level positive for developing source of resistance against wheat blast. Moreover, gamma irradiated M3 line BG26M3L4 increased higher vegetative traits / yield than the combined fungicidal spray indicating gamma radiation might be a good replacement of chemical fungicides for management of blast of wheat. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear in Agriculture, BINA, Mymensingh (Dr. Md Imtiaz Uddin and Mohammad Ashraful Islam) 2022-10-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/599 10.33865/wjb.007.03.0599 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 3; 7-12 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/599/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/599/51 Copyright (c) 2022 Maksuda Akter, Md. Abul Kashem, Humayara Zannat Swarna, Maher Afrose Nupu, Saji Moni Akter, Md. Rasel Parvez, Mohammad Delwar Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/12 2024-12-05T05:56:08Z wjb:RART driver

A REVIEW PAPER ON POTATO MOP-TOP VIRUS (PMTV): OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT Abbas, Aqleem Madadi, Meysam PMTV, genome, distribution, detection, management Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is a plant pathogenic virus that affects potatoes. The virus was initially reported from Germany but now it has spread throughout Europe, Asia, South America and North America. It is responsible for spraing symptoms (brown arcs/lines, blemishes, and rings) on potato tubers and yellow chevrons or mopping (Shortened internodes) in the leaves and stems of plants grown from infected potato tubers. PMTV causes huge economic losses due to poor tuber quality. It is an important disease in the potato growing areas of the world. PMTV is tubular rod shape and has a single stranded positive sense RNA (+ssRNA) tripartite genome. RNA 1 encodes RdRp (viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Coat protein (20kDa) and a larger protein (91kDa) is encoded by RNA2. RNA2 encodes larger protein (91 kDa) by read through (RT) of the amber termination codon of the coat protein. There are three conserved moldular sets of genes known as triple gene block (TGB) which are coded by RNA3. These TGBs are involved in cell to cell or long distance movement of PMTV. In nature, PMTV is vectored and transmitted by a soil born pathogen (Plasmodiophorid (Spongospora subterranean f.sp. subterranean abbreviated as ‘Sss’) that itself causes the powdery scab disease on tubers. The disease caused by PMTV and Sss are favored by cool and damp conditions. PMTV remain in spore balls of Sss for several years even if the potato is not grown in the field. There are no efficient means to manage the virus nor its vector in an infested field, therefore, preventive measures are essential. Since PMTV along with its vector is causing important disease of potato, so understanding its molecular, biological, physical properties and management strategies is very important. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/12 10.33865/wjb.001.03.0012 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 3; 129-134 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/12/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Aqleem Abbas, Meysam Madadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1142 2024-12-05T05:44:30Z wjb:ART driver

Impact of rice straw biochar in association with inorganic fertilizers and Trichoderma harzianum on charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of maize Saeed, Aqib Abbas, Muhammad Taqqi Khan, Hafiz Azhar Ali Anwar, Waheed Mushtaq, Zain Anjum, Tehmina Akhter, Adnan Rice straw biochar, maize, bio-control agent, T. harzianum Phytosanitary regulations concerning pesticide residues are among the most important problems faced by today's agricultural environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to produce and characterize indigenously produced biochar from raw material based on rice straw. The biochar synthesized at 480°C, was used as amendment at different volumetric concentrations (3 and 6%), along with in-organic fertilizers for restricting the development of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), in maize (Zea mays L.) The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of rice straw biochar showed micro-cracks, rough texture, and intricately formed pores, thus showcasing the complex and porous nature of the rice straw biochar resulting from the pyrolysis process. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed its carbonaceous composition (approximately 54%), with the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl and carboxyl, as well as trace amounts of potassium, calcium, and silicon.  Maize grown in soil amended with 6% biochar showed significant reduction in shoot and root weights (51.72 and 74.11%, respectively) when compared to 3% biochar amended soil in the presence of M. phaseolina. Our results revealed that 3% rice straw biochar and Trichoderma harzianum proved most effective for the management of charcoal rot as indicated by lowest disease incidence and disease severity (40%, each). Maize showed variable degrees of defense mechanisms activation in response to soil biochar amendments. Biochar application rate of 6% did generally not improve the maize dry biomass production and tolerance to charcoal rot. These findings will surely help us understand biochar-induced changes in physiology of maize and possible activation of defense response against M. phaseolina SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1142 10.33865/wjb.008.03.1142 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 3; 35-42 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1142/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Aqib Saeed, Muhammad Taqqi Abbas, Hafiz Azhar Khan, Waheed Anwar, Zain Mushtaq, Tehmina Anjum, Adnan Akhter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/226 2026-03-13T00:54:03Z wjb:ART driver

COMBINED EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS (IBA AND ZEATIN) ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF Capsicum annum L. FRUIT Ali, Zain Shahzad, Habiba Hussain, Mubasshir Mushtaq, Sehrish Haider, Muhammad Saleem Shafiq, Muhammad Chilli Fruit, IBA, Zeatin, Physical parameters, Photosynthetic pigments Combined effect of two exogenously applied PGR i.e. IBA and Zeatin, on the fruit of Capsicum annuum L was assessed in a designed experiment. Plants were grown in pots with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were comprised of T1-IBA 1000ppm+Zeatin 100ppm, T3-IBA 1000ppm+Zeatin 300ppm, T5-IBA 4000ppm+Zeatin 100ppm, T7-IBA 4000ppm+Zeatin 300ppm and T9-Control. T1, T3, T5, T7 were applied only at the time of floral buds emergence, whereas T2, T4, T6 and T8 were applied by dipping the floral buds during emergence and at the time of fruit development. The results showed that only T1 manifested enhance in photosynthetic pigments content i.e. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and its fruits showed Dark green colour. The physical parameters of fruit remained unaffected by PGR’s application. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/226 10.33865/wjb.004.03.0226 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 3; 11-14 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/226/pdf Copyright (c) 2019 Zain Ali, Habiba Shahzad, Mubasshir Hussain, Sehrish Mushtaq, Muhammad Saleem Haider, Muhammad Shafiq ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1400 2025-07-19T02:01:23Z wjb:ART driver

Physiological response of diverse maize genotypes to heat stress and simple sequence repeats markers-based genotyping in Pakistan Gohar, Suleman Malik, Saad Imran Wattoo, Fahad Masoud Adil, Kamal Ahmed, Zubair Farooq, Umar Hussain, Aamir Sabahat, Sanjeela Javed, Kamran Climate change, thermal stress, plant physiology, genetic diversity, SSR Marker The current study was designed to observe the response of maize genotypes under high-temperature stress conditions and to check their diversity using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in in-vitro conditions. Maize genotypes (n=10) were subjected to heat stress at ~45 °C for 72 h after growing into young seedlings. Their physiological responses were determined by measuring the changes in proline content (PC), chlorophyll content (CC), cell membrane stability (CMS), relative water content (RWC) and osmotic potential (Ψπ). The analysed data disclosed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among all the characters. Comparison between control and heat-treated genotypes depicted a notable increase in PC, Ψπ while a decrease in CC, RWC and CMS index in heat-treated plants. Maize genotypes viz. NCEV-1230, NARC-4, HN Gold and OPV-20 performed better under heat stress and also showed a strong genetic relationship for similarity index in dendrogram based on selected SSR markers related to abiotic stress tolerance. This study is beneficial for understanding the physiological behaviour of maize plants under heat stress and for further genetic studies on maize to select heat-tolerant lines for breeding programs SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED NA 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1400 10.33865/wjb.10.1.1400 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 1; 1-5 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1400/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Suleman Gohar, Saad Imran Malik, Fahad Masoud Wattoo, Kamal Adil, Zubair Ahmed, Umar Farooq, Aamir Hussain, Sanjeela Sabahat, Kamran Javed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/386 2026-03-21T00:22:25Z wjb:ART driver

Stability analysis of sugar beet genotypes in terms of yield and sugar ratios (Beta vulgaris Var. saccharifera L.) Yasar, Mustafa Ekinci, Remzi Polar sugar rate, refined sugar rate, root yield, stability analysis, sugar beet. This study was carried out to investigate the ecological regions of Eskişehir, Konya, Kırşehir, and Çorum in terms of sugar beet root yield (kg da-1), polar sugar rate (%), refined sugar rate (%) and sugar yield (kg da-1), to determine stabilities of selected genotypes, and to assist future studies. The experiment was conducted in the ecological regions of Eskişehir, Konya, Kırşehir, and Çorum between 2013 and 2017, using the trial data from the Variety Registration and Seed Certification Center. 58 genotypes of foreign origin were used in the study. It was determined that the Çorum location could be considered as bad environment in terms of sugar beet root yield feature, the Çorum and Eskişehir locations in terms of polar sugar beet and refined sugar rate feature, and the Eskişehir location in terms of polar sugar rate feature. It was concluded that Sandrina, Bernache and Aigrette genotypes showed good adaptation under good environmental conditions and were stable in terms of sugar beet root yield; Garrot and Beetle genotypes in terms of sugar yield; Delano and Portofina KWS (5K618) genotypes in terms of polar sugar rate; Ametist (SV1634), Masai, and Eldorado genotypes in terms of refined sugar rate. Since the performances of genotypes in different environmental conditions differ, it is of great importance to examine the performances of new varieties in different ecological environments. In terms of sugar beet root yield characteristics, it is recommended to prefer warmer ecological locations SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/386 10.33865/wjb.006.01.0386 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 1; 11-16 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/386/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Mustafa Yasar, Remzi Ekinci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/461 2024-12-05T05:50:29Z wjb:RART driver

A systematic review on nanomedicine Nawaz, Yasir Nazar, Ishart Hakeem, Luqman Saddiqa, Ayesha Hakeem, Luqman Ahmad, Hassnain Khan, Muhammad Saleem Ullah, Muhammad Kaleem Shafiaq, Hafiza Rabia Iqbal, Khadija Waijad, Muhammad Saeed, Bilal Keywords: Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, Nanotherapeutics, Production of Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, Theranostic Nanoparticles Nanomedicine is used to cure cancer of many tissues such as ovarian cancer and multiple myeloma. With the help of nanotechnology, the probability of failure or rejection of a transplant, an organ is reduced. Nanomedicine is one of the latest and better fields which is used for the treatment of tumors. Some of the methods used to produce nanoparticles are discussed here. Many nanoparticles are used for the benefit of humans. The solvent is subsequently dispersed in a surfactant's aqueous media, resulting in the formation of a film in an instant colloidal suspension called solvent displacement. This method can be used to achieve a pharmacological payload. Supersaturation and precipitation are required for the assembly and stability of drug nanoparticles. Shear and cavitation forces are also used to produce nanoparticles. The milling media is generating shear forces on impact, resulting in nanoparticles, the principle of size reduction. Extrusion is also used to generate nanoparticles. Hydrophobic drugs are converted directly into nanoparticles. The capacity to build nanocores with a wide range of functionalities is another key advantage of the HAylation process (a method to make nanoparticles). Determine medication, metabolism and hepatotoxicity in these models in nanomedicine have the potential to have a significant influence in the field. Red blood cells (RBCs), for example, are sensitive to substantial external flow pressures, and their inherent formability can be used as a biomarker to identify a range of RBC diseases. It is concluded that different nanoparticles are made to treat different kinds of diseases and to make different therapies for cancer etc. Now a day’s nanotechnology is the method that uses nanoparticles to cure diseases and provide a significant treatment approach to humans. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/461 10.33865/wjb.007.01.0461 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 1; 11-14 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/461/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Yasir Nawaz, Ishart Nazar, Luqman Hakeem, Ayesha Saddiqa, Luqman Hakeem, Hassnain Ahmad, Muhammad Saleem Khan, Muhammad Kaleem Ullah, Hafiza Rabia Shafiaq, Khadija Iqbal, Muhammad Waijad, Bilal Saeed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/3 2024-12-05T05:56:49Z wjb:RART driver

A BRIEF REVIEW FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION OF POTATO VIRUSES Urooj, Madiha Arif, Uzma Intikhab, Anisa Potato, PMTV, PLRV, PVY, PVX, PVX, PVM, PVA. Potato is ranked fourth among the food crop and fifth for human consumption. It provides more yield and calories production as compare to cereals. Fungal, viral, viroid, bacteria, nematode, phytoplasmas and abiotic factors play a pivotal role for yield reduction of potato crop. Viruses known to infect potato in Pakistan include PVA, PVM, PVS, PVX, PVY, PLRV and PMTV. Increasing incidence of PVX and PVY in main potato growing areas of Pakistan is getting an alarming position and PLRV has caused significant yield losses. Present review article demonstrate different techniques for diagnostics of major potato viruses. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/3 10.33865/wjb.001.01.0003 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 1; 33-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/3/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Madiha Urooj, Uzma Arif, Anisa Intikhab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/970 2024-12-05T05:44:30Z wjb:ART driver

Evolutionary analysis of actinins(ACTN) gene family for positive selective sites by finding the dn/ds (ω) value Din, Ihsan Ud Sun, Li Hu, Lina MEGA-7, PAMLX, maximum-likehood, actinins filaments, positively selected amino acid sites Identifying positively selected amino acid sites is an important approach for making a conclusion about the function of proteins; an amino acid site that is undergoing positive selection is likely to play a key role in the function of the protein. Here, we used codon-based substitution models and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods to identify positively selected sites that are likely to influence the cohesiveness and mechanics of the cytoskeleton by cross-linking actinins filaments and other cytoskeleton components to create a scaffold that imparts stability and forms a bridge between the cytoskeleton and signaling pathways. We use MEGA 7 and PAML for polygenetic Analysis and positive selective Sites. Alpha-actinins from skeletal muscle as a protein factor promoting the super precipitation of actomyosin and inducing the gelation of F-actin solutions. The protein is located in Z-bands of sarcomeres in skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as near the fascia adherents of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle. In smooth muscle, it exists in cytoplasmic dense bodies and membrane-associated dense plaques. We used PAMLX to find out specific sites in these DNA sequences.  These results show the location and identification of positively selected sites in the ACTININS gene family. ACTN1, ACTN2, ACTN3 and ACTN4 had (248G,250L), (234I,236N ,238P, 239K, 252F, 260E, 261Q, 314Q, 590N, 607L, 869S), (NO) and (248G, 250L) positive selective sites respectively. The aims of our work are the prediction of these sites to find the specific location of these sites in 3D structure and to replace it with suitable amino acids for the cure of obesity, muscles, cancer, and other chronic diseases SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/970 10.33865/wjb.008.03.0970 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 3; 13-18 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/970/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Ihsan Ud Din, Li Sun, Lina Hu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/192 2024-12-05T05:52:15Z wjb:RART driver

SILICON MEDIATED INDUCED RESISTANCE IN PLANTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS: A REVIEW Atta, Bilal Rizwan, Muhammad Sabir, Arshed M. Gogi, Muhammad D. Ayub, Muhammad A. Pesticides; silicon; resistance; resurgence; beneficial substance; AAPFCO Use of pesticides is the main approach adopted by many farmers to manage agricultural insect pests which not only reduced infestation level of these insect pests, but also responsible for the resistance and resurgence development, causes mortality of beneficial arthropods, and environmental and health hazards. Many researchers are busy to find out alternatives of pesticides due to adverse influences. Pest damage may also be reduced through the proper management of nutrient requirements and modification with mineral nutrients such as silicon. Silicon has been authoritatively designated as a “beneficial substance” by the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials and plant-available Si may now be listed on fertilizer labels. It plays an important role in the resistance of agricultural crops against several insect pests. Numerous direct and indirect effects had been observed on insect herbivores due to this micro-nutrient. Direct effects include decline in the performance which ultimately minimized plant damage while indirect effects include interruption in establishment, increasing population of natural enemies and reduction in the usage of pesticides. The purpose of this review article is to recapitulate the work of different researchers throughout the world on the management of insect pests by using an alternate strategy which have no side effects on human as well as environment and are easily available to the farmers in cheap price SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/192 10.33865/wjb.004.01.0192 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 1; 19-27 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/192/PDF Copyright (c) 2019 Bilal Atta, Muhammad Rizwan, Arshed M. Sabir, Muhammad D. Gogi, Muhammad A. Ayub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1299 2024-12-20T16:42:40Z wjb:RART driver

Awareness of monkeypox outbreaks, mechanisms of transmission, diagnostics, and countermeasures-A mini review Hassan, Sadia ., Mahwish Egbuna, Chukwuebuka Javed, Amna Farooq, Muhammad Adil Monkeypox, smallpox, orthopoxviruses, zoonotic diseases, epidemic Monkeypox virus (MPXV) a member of the Poxviridae family is a double-stranded DNA, and in humans, causes a zoonotic disease similar to smallpox known as monkeypox, which is endemic to Africa. Now it’s a public health issue worldwide and in May 2022 outbreak of monkeypox occurred in Europe. Monkeypox (MPX) is a contagious disease that can be transmitted by infected animals, direct skin-to-skin contact, and respiratory droplets. As countermeasures different antiviral drugs are available like tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir. Globally to support public health prevention and control measures for such outbreaks public should be aware of pathogenetic epidemiological and diagnostic aspects. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different aspects of this disease including outbreaks, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment measures. Globally it is an issue for health security and to tackle this problem it’s necessary to develop a multidisciplinary approach involving veterinarians, physicians, virologists, and public health experts. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1299 10.33865/wjb.009.03.1299 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 3; 7-14 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1299/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1299/220 https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1299/221 Copyright (c) 2024 Sadia Hassan, Mahwish, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Amna Javed, Muhammad Adil Farooq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/301 2026-03-21T00:15:51Z wjb:RART driver

Revolutions of CRISPR/Cas9 in modern era as genome editing tool Ullah, Aziz Ahmed, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Hasan, Syed Wasim Malik, Abdul Genome; Tool; Population; Biotechnology; DNA CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a latest genome engineering technology that has created a buzz in the scientific world as it has enabled scientists and geneticists to efficiently edit genomes of not only prokaryotic but eukaryotic organisms as well including Human beings with a greater level of precision leading to advancements in medical field that possesses genetic components. Technically, CRISPR works by slicing out chunks of DNA & substituting that removed chunk with a new, altered & updated sequence of DNA. This enables the modifications in mutant genes such that the target of curbing the transmission of genetic diseases in descendants could be achieved. CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technology is being practiced routinely now a days as it is a faster, cheaper and a more precise technique of DNA editing with a versatile range of potential applications & future perspectives. The readers will get a precise overview of CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technology, its mechanism, applications & role in procuring advanced, modified & disease resistant traits in plants & humans with a brief account of ethical considerations after overviewing this review article SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-06-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/301 10.33865/wjb.005.02.0301 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 2; 47-50 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/301/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Aziz Ullah, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Syed Wasim Hasan, Abdul Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/782 2024-12-05T05:45:26Z wjb:ART driver

Insilico analysis of peptides isolated from Agaricus bisporus manifests potential antimicrobial therapeutic activities Fatima, Aiman Haider, Fatima Qaiser, Jaweria Malik Aftab Jan, Sami Ullah Bakhtiar, Syeda Marriam Antimicrobial, antibiotic resistance, button mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus, antimicrobial peptides, AMPs, drug resistance, multiple drug resistance, MDR More and more microorganisms are progressively acquiring resistances to conventional antibiotics. Consequently, new antibiotics which are more effective are needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are recognized as effective alternative to conventional antibiotics. The AMPs are obtained from different organisms including animals, plants, fungi, algae, and microorganisms. One of such significant sources of AMPs is Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom) that is long-familiar for its medicinal values. However, the occurrence and potential of AMPs in A. bisporus have not been well characterized till date. This study was aimed to identify AMPs within A. bisporus proteome and to further evaluate its antimicrobial potentials through in silico analysis. The proteome of A. bisporus was explored for antimicrobial peptides and their physicochemical properties were evaluated using bioinformatics tools. The proteome of A. bisporus contains 63 AMPs with ample antimicrobial properties such as broad spectrum efficacy, stable, non-allergenic and non-haemolytic attributes. It was further identified that these AMPs putatively target pathogens via membrane disruption and inhibition of ATP-dependent enzymes. This study renders a basis for further evaluation of identified AMPs through in vitro experimentations and trials to elucidate their practical use as therapeutic antimicrobial drugs. Resultantly, positive AMPs could be subjected to commercialization as cheaper and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/782 10.33865/wjb.008.01.0782 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 1; 25-29 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/782/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Aiman Fatima, Fatima Haider, Jaweria Malik Aftab Qaiser, Sami Ullah Jan, Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/151 2024-12-05T05:53:35Z wjb:ART driver

EFFECT OF BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM THE CITRUS ON THE PHYSICAL PARAMETER OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.) Mushtaq, Sehrish Shafiq, Muhammad Khan, Faiza Ashraf, Tehseen Haider, Muhammad S. Host pathogen interaction, inoculation, physical parameters and bitter gourd Bacterial endophytes have a symbiotic relationship between different parts of the plant and could play an important role to improve plant health. The effects of endophytic bacterial communities in bitter gourd have not been studied yet in Pakistan. In the present study, ten different bacteria that belong to class Alpha, beta and gamma Proteobacteria as well as bacilli were injected into bitter gourd seedlings under glass house conditions and five weeks after physical parameters (SL, RL, leaf area, leaf number, wet and dry weight of plant, root and shoot ratio) were studied. According to results Azomonas agilis and Ensifer adhaerens give good results as compared to control for all parameters studied. These inoculants could be used as bio fertilizer for sustainable crop production system. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2018-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/151 10.33865/wjb.003.02.0151 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 3, No 2; 193-197 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/151/PDF Copyright (c) 2018 Sehrish Mushtaq, Muhammad Shafiq, Faiza Khan, Tehseen Ashraf, Muhammad S. Haider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1271 2025-02-28T10:23:56Z wjb:ART driver

Antioxidants responses of two halophytes under aluminium stress alone or combined with salt Sghair, Dhouha Belhadj Tamarix gallica, Arthrocnemum indicum, Aluminium, combined stress, Oxidative stress, antioxidants responses Al stress is a serious environmental problem that affects plant physiology and biochemical processes and reduces productivity in the agricultural sector. This study is a comparative study between the antioxidant responses of two different halophyte species and focuses on two halophytes Arthrocnemum indicum and Tamarix gallica. Both halophytes species exposed to different concentrations of Al (200, 500, 800) µM alone or combined with NaCl (200 mM) and the effect of Al on oxidative damage and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses were determined. Our results demonstrated that Tamarix gallica was more tolerant to Al stress than Arthrocnemum indicum and this by a low level of MDA registered. In addition, T. gallica showed more marked antioxidant activities. However, salinity improves the tolerance of A. indicum by increased levels of glycine betaine and proline. Nevertheless, T. gallica is still more tolerant according to the tolerance index than A. indicum and this species is a favorable plant material to soils phytoremediation. T. gallica can be successfully used for phytostabilization of Al-contaminated saline soils SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1271 10.33865/wjb.009.02.1271 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 2; 31-36 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1271/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Dhouha Belhadj Sghair https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/294 2026-03-20T22:53:12Z wjb:ART driver

Phylogenetic characterization and screening of halophilic bacteria from Algerian salt lake for the production of biosurfactant and enzymes Nesrine, Lenchi Salima, Kebbouche Lamine, Khelfaoui Mohamed Belaid, Laddada Souad, bKhemili Lamine, Gana Mohamed Sihem, Akmoussi Imène, Ferioune Environments containing significant concentration of NaCl such as salt lakes harbor extremophiles microorganisms which have a great biotechnology interest. To explore the diversity of Bacteria in Chott Tinsilt (Algeria), an isolation program was performed. Water samples were collected from the saltern during the pre-salt harvesting phase. This Chott is high in salt (22.47% (w/v). Seven halophiles Bacteria were selected for further characterization. The isolated strains were able to grow optimally in media with 10–25% (w/v) total salts. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. It showed that these cultured isolates included members belonging to the Halomonas, Staphylococcus, Salinivibrio, Planococcus and Halobacillus genera with less than 98% of similarity with their closest phylogenetic relative.  The halophilic bacterial isolates were also characterized for the production of biosurfactant and industrially important enzymes. Most isolates produced hydrolases and biosurfactants at high salt concentration. In fact, this is the first report on bacterial strains (A4 and B4) which were a good biosurfactant and coagulase producer at 20% and 25% ((w/v)) NaCl. In addition, the biosurfactant produced by the strain B4 at high salinity (25%) was also stable at high temperature (30-100°C) and high alkalinity (pH 11). SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/294 10.33865/wjb.005.02.0294 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 2; 1-9 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/294/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Lenchi Nesrine, Kebbouche Salima, Khelfaoui Mohamed Lamine, Laddada Belaid, bKhemili Souad, Gana Mohamed Lamine, Akmoussi Sihem, Ferioune Imène https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1540 2026-02-11T16:54:59Z wjb:ART driver

The S1 gene study of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from local disease outbreaks Zaman, Muhammad Goher Khan, Saeed Ul Hasan Nisar, Sawera Khan, Fahim Ullah Nisa, Hijab Khan, Shakir Ullah Khattak, Muhammad Tanveer Gul, Shafi Ullah Noureen, Ayesha Kashif, Muhammad Musawir, Abdul Gul, Rubeena Maheen, Hira Afzal, Farhan Infectious bronchitis, hypervariable region, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 1000 bootstrap replicates, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory, renal, and reproductive organ infection of chickens. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) that replicates in epithelial cells of the trachea resulting in respiratory signs (sneezing, cough, tracheal rales, gasping and nasal discharge. This study was carried out to monitor Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in local disease outbreaks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 57 chickens (broilers & layers) were examined for the presence of IBV. Tissue samples were screened through reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) to detect IBV S- glycoprotein gene (surface glycoprotein gene) and to amplify the hypervariable region of the S1-glycoprotein gene. Ten samples were found to be positive for the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) after the initial PCR screening from the original 57 samples. An expected approximately 298bp band was noticed in detection of RT-PCRs. The samples found to be positive by the detection of PCR were further processed for the genotyping RT-PCR of the S1 gene. An approximately 700 bp band was seen in all the 10 cases. The bands were gel-purified and then sent for DNA sequencing. HKY model for Neighbour joining with 1000 bootstrap replicates in Program Geneious (10.2.3 version) was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Next, we performed amino acid sequence alignment of these positive samples with the amino acid sequences of the previously reported two sequences of the S-1 gene of M41(Massachusetts 41) strain in Pakistan which were used in Phylogenetic analysis. This revealed that 4 sample amino acid sequences were closely related (93-100%) with Pakistan reported IBV sequences (KY588135 and KU145467). Our current study of IBV isolates revealed an identity of 60% with the isolates reported from China, 30% identity with the isolates reported in Pakistan and 10% identity with the isolates reported from India SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2025-09-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1540 10.33865/wjb.10.02.1540 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 2; 25-28 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1540/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Goher Zaman, Saeed Ul Hasan Khan, Sawera Nisar, Fahim Ullah Khan, Hijab Nisa, Shakir Ullah Khan, Muhammad Tanveer Khattak, Shafi Ullah Gul, Ayesha Noureen, Muhammad Kashif, Abdul Musawir, Rubeena Gul, Hira Maheen, Farhan Afzal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/430 2026-03-21T00:36:21Z wjb:SC driver

Invitro mycoparasitism activity of Trichoderma spp against Fusarium solani inciting root rot of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Andoji, Yogesh Suresh S, Sutar Aruna Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Fusarium solani, Trichoderma species dual culture Root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is caused by Fusarium solani. This paper describes the efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against sensitive and resistant isolates of F, solani by dual culture method under invitro conditions. Trichoderma virens, T. atroviride, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. stilbohypoxyli,and T. pseudokoningii species were used for the antagonistic study. Results indicate that all Trichoderma species showed great antagonistic activity. But among them, T. virens, T. atroviride, T. viride showed 90% and 80 % antagonistic activity than others in case of a sensitive isolate of test fungus. The resistant isolate of the pathogen was restricting the antagonism to some extent. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/430 10.33865/wjb.006.03.0430 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 3; 1-4 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/430/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Andoji Yogesh S, Sutar Aruna S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/694 2024-12-05T05:50:01Z wjb:ART driver

Exogenous application of citric acid alleviates copper-induced stress in Withania coagulans (Dunal) Fawad, Muhammad Hakeem, Khalid Rehman Al-Zahrani, Hassan S. Ali, Md. Arfan Heavy metal; phytoextraction; citric acid. The current study aimed to determine the mitigating effect of citric acid (CA) on various physiological and biochemical attributes in Withania coagulans, exposed to copper (Cu) stress. The viable seeds of Withania coagulans were planted in a controlled environment. After reaching the four-leaf stage, the plants were given simultaneous treatment with two concentrations of Cu [TCu1 and TCu2 (10mM, 15mM)] alone and/or with CA [TCa1 and TCa2 (05mM, 10mM)]. After harvesting, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were assessed. The findings demonstrated that using a higher dosage of Cu has significant toxic effects on plant growth and biomass. The agronomic attributes of the plant were significantly reduced by 24% (number of leaves), 22% (shoot length), 7% (root length), 8% (fresh weight), and 38% (dry weight) compared to the control. Higher concentration of Cu was also found toxic to photosynthetic pigments and significantly reduced by 27% (chl a), 6% (chl b), and 35% (carotenoids) compared to the control. However, the application of CA under Cu stress significantly improved the physiological attributes of Withania coagulans. The plant's agronomic traits significantly increased by 66% (number of leaves), 31% (shoot length), 87% (root length), 43% (fresh weight), and 78% (dry weight), whereas photosynthetic pigments by 25% (chl a), 58% (chl b), and 125% (carotenoids). Based on the results, it could be concluded that CA can play a role in mitigating the toxic effect of Cu in Withania coagulans SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-12-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/694 10.33865/wjb.007.03.0694 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 3; 25-30 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/694/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Fawad, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Hassan S. Al-Zahrani, Md. Arfan Ali Arfan Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/88 2024-12-05T05:54:35Z wjb:ART driver

OPTIMIZATION OF CELLULASE ENZYME PRODUCTION FROM Aspergillus oryzae FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Sher, Hassan Faheem, Muhammad Ghani, Abdul Mehmood, Rashid Rehman, Hamza Bokhari, Syed A. I. Aspergillus, Optimization, Enzyme productions. Carboxymethyl cellulase, Endoglucanase Cellulases are the hydrolytic group of enzymes, responsible for release of sugars in the bioconversion of the cellulosic biomass into a variety of value added industrial products. Fungal isolated cellulases are well studied and playing a significant role in various industrial processes. Enzymatic depolymerisation of cellulosic material has been done by the various fungal isolated enzymes. In the present study, the cultivation conditions for cellulase production from Aspergillus species were optimized. Optimization of scarification conditions such as time course, inoculum size, carbon source and concentration, nitrogen source, various pH levels were performed for the production of extracellular carboxymethyl cellulase and endoglucanase enzyme. The result exhibited, 15 % inoculums size, corncobs 2 % concentration, Urea and medium pH 7 at 30oC supported high yield of carboxymethyl cellulase (38.80 U/ml/min) and exoglucanase enzyme (10.94 U/ml/min) through a submerged fermentation (SmF). In future biotechnological applications in cellulase enzyme production attain a vital role to obtain high degradable yield. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2017-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/88 10.33865/wjb.002.02.0088 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 2, No 2; 155-158 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/88/PDF Copyright (c) 2017 Hassan Sher, Muhammad Faheem, Abdul Ghani, Rashid Mehmood, Hamza Rehman, Syed A. I. Bokhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1207 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:ART driver

Exploring the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin in experimentally induced- diclofenac sodium toxicity in rabbits Haq, Shahbaz ul Khalid, Adeel Meghwar, Khush Hal Khan, Arsalan Siddiqui, Shahrood Ahmed Ullah, Rafiq Sadeeq, Muhammad Usmani, Muhammad Wasim Ashfaq, Khurram Hepatotoxicity, hepatoprotective effect, liver enzymes, herbal drugs The study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of varying doses of silymarin against liver damage caused by diclofenac sodium in rabbits. Silymarin, extracted from the Silybum marianum plant, is known for its antioxidant properties and is used to treat liver diseases. The rabbits (n=40) were divided into 4 groups. Group A served as the control (with vehicle solution), group B, as toxin control with diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg intra-peritoneally), group C received both diclofenac sodium and protective dose of silymarin (50mg/kg orally), while group D was administered diclofenac sodium along with higher dose of silymarin (100mg/kg orally). At the study's conclusion, rabbits were humanely euthanized and blood samples were collected for analysis. Enzymes such as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin, serum urea, and total bilirubin were measured. The study revealed that higher dose of silymarin (100mg/kg) was more effective in reducing serum enzyme levels compared to lower dose, indicating stronger hepatoprotective effect. This suggests silymarin's potential as the therapeutic agent against liver damage and toxicity induced by substances like diclofenac sodium SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED None 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1207 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1207 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 21-24 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1207/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Shahbaz ul Haq, Adeel Khalid, Khush Hal Meghwar, Arsalan Khan, Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui, Rafiq Ullah, Muhammad Sadeeq, Muhammad Wasim Usmani, Khurram Ashfaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/235 2026-03-13T00:50:40Z wjb:RART driver

ENHANCING WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE CROP USING MODERN FARMING METHODS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN, A BRIEF REVIEW Mehmood, Muhammad Zeeshan Qadir, Ghulam Afzal, Obaid Awale, Mohamed Ali Ashraf, Rana Numan Water Use Efficiency; Rice Seeding Methods; Water Scarcity, Irrigation Rice is the major staple food for billions of people worldwide. It has the social and economic impacts on people lives. Water scarcity is one of the major challenges to rice production and ultimately food security globally. For food security, it is important to explore efficient rice production technology that uses less water. Therefore, in the modern agriculture focus has been shifted towards development of water saving technologies. These methods include direct seeding, alternate wetting and drying, aerobic rice systems, use of mulches etc. These techniques reduce the water requirements and can enhance water use efficiency (W.U.E) of rice. However, yield may be compromised with these techniques, but research has been carried out to reduce yield losses and water use. Biotechnology and breeding approaches are being used to develop rice verities with drought tolerance, improved water use efficiency etc. Development and adoption of these technologies will shift the rice production from anaerobic to completely or partially aerobic systems. These techniques may reduce the water losses. In Pakistan famers are willing to adopt new technologies; however there is a need of dissemination and demonstration to adopt these technologies at farmer level to enhance crop productivity and water use efficiency. Innovative research approaches are required to fill the gaps in technological innovations and adoption SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/235 10.33865/wjb.004.03.0235 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 3; 35-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/235/pdf Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood, Ghulam Qadir, Obaid Afzal, Mohamed Ali Awale, Rana Numan Ashraf ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1473 2025-07-19T02:01:23Z wjb:ART driver

A computational immune-informatics approach to design multi-epitope vaccine against Guanarito virus targeting nucleoprotein and nucleo-capsid proteins Haq, Itazaz Ul Ullah, Najeeb Rahiyab, Muhammad Ali, Syed Shujait Khan, Ishaq Hussain, Zahid Iqbal, Arshad Guanarito virus, epitopes prediction, multi-epitopes vaccine construct, MD simulation, immune simulation The human Guanarito virus (GTOV), belongs to the order Bunyavirales and family Arenaviradae, was found in the Portuguese state of Portugal’s Guanarito municipality. Due to its seasonal occurrence, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever was caused by severe hemorrhagic febrile sickness outbreak happened in 1989. The lack of antiviral medications or vaccines to prevent the GTOV infection means that the treatment for GTOV infection is currently uncertain; thus, the development of an efficacious vaccine is imperative. Within this research, immune-informatics approaches were utilized to develop an effective vaccine candidate to combat with GTOV infections. We retrieve the nucleo and nucleo-capsid proteins of the GTOV from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and forecast HTL, B-cell, and CTL epitopes against these proteins using different tools. Non-allergenic and antigenic epitopes were coupled with suitable linker, like KK, GPGPG, and AAY. Furthermore, an adjuvant HMAN Beta-defensin was added to the C-terminal end of the vaccine via EAAAK linker. Using the SoluProt tool, the vaccine solubility value of 0.7951 was produced. Additionally, the vaccine was projected to have an antigenicity score of 0.929968, an immunogenicity score of -0.22436, and a non-toxic and nom-allergenic reaction. It was determined that the vaccine’s ERRAT value was 97.368%, 89.0% of residues were in the most favored region, 9.6 % were in the additional allowed zone, and 0.4% were in the generously allowed region, according to the Ramachandran plot. While the vaccine’s Z-score was calculated to be -4.8. Experimental validation is required to establish the efficacy of this vaccine, with further testing needed to demonstrate its safety and immunogenicity for treating GTOV related disorders. Overall, this study highlights the potential of computational vaccine design as a promising approach to combat GTOV infections, paving the way for future experimental validation and development of an effective therapeutic strategy SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1473 10.33865/wjb.10.1.1473 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 1; 25-35 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1473/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Itazaz Ul Haq, Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Rahiyab, Syed Shujait Ali, Ishaq Khan, Zahid Hussain, Arshad Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/405 2024-12-05T05:51:16Z wjb:ART driver

Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties of Calotropis procera against bacterial phytopathogens Sabzal, Najma Mehr, Saima Rehman, Haneef Ur Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, Calotropis procera Calotropis procera, is known as crown flower or giant milkweed and belongs to the family Asclepiadacea. It has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. In the present study, the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant property, and antimicrobial activity of C. procera were evaluated. Methanol was used as a solvent for the extract preparation using soxhlet extraction. The extracts were subjected to the analysis of the different secondary bioactive metabolites. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against various pathogens. The qualitative analysis of plant extracts of leaves stems, and roots showed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosidic, protein, phytosterols, steroid, saponin, and flavonoid compounds. The leaf extract of C. procera plants inhibited 95% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) activity at 0.8 mg/mL Methanol extract of C. procera showed the maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested plant pathogen of bacterial and fungal strains. This research explored the various phytochemicals, including carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, steroid, saponins, amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids, present in the stem, leave, root, and flower of the indigenous C. procera plant. The study gave a systematic base for the isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities from the Calotropis species of Balochistan SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-04-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/405 10.33865/wjb.006.02.0405 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 2; 1-4 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/405/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Najma Sabzal, Saima Mehr, Haneef Ur Rehman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/472 2024-12-05T05:50:13Z wjb:ART driver

Expressing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUC2 gene encoding invertase apoplastic localization in the transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) does not contribute to microtubers production of identical physiological age Deryabin, Alexander N. Study was aimed at assessing the role of apoplastic invertase in synchronization of the microtuber formation in potato plants in vitro. A non-transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants (hereinafter nonTPs) and a line of potato plants, which expressed the SUC2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding invertase apoplastic localization under the control of the B33 promoter of the patatin gene (hereinafter TPs), was used to achieve this purpose. Cell divisions in the axillary meristems of single-node cuttings were synchronized by exposing to 7°C for 24 h in a MS medium (without agar). After the low-temperature, the synchronization (LTS) of proportion of simultaneously dividing cells in meristems of nonTPs was four-fold greater than without chilling. The LTS did not change the number of dividing cells in the axillary meristems of TPs. The LTS contributed to an increase in the mass and size of microtubers in both potato lines. All microtubers of nonTPs were of physiological maturity. At the same time, microtubers of TPs were physiologically immature, with high glucose content. During the tuber formation, the activity of acidic invertases in microtubers of TPs was higher than that of nonTPs. Microtubers of TPs were larger than the nonTPs, more hydrated with low starch amount. Propably glucose accumulated in the microtubers of the TPs may act as a signal to trigger cell division. It indicates the regulatory function of apoplastic invertase and sugars. The high activity of apoplastic invertase plays a negative role in the production of potato microtubers of identical physiological age. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/472 10.33865/wjb.007.02.0472 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 2; 1-6 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/472/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Alexander N. Deryabin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/8 2024-12-05T05:56:30Z wjb:ART driver

HUNTINGTON GENE ONTOLOGICAL STUDY AND ORTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Ilyas, Muhammad Mir, Asif Rauf, Sobiah Nazir, Sidrah Javed, Humera Huntington disorder, orthologs, CAG repeats, genome synteny analysis Huntington gene is located on chromosome 4p16.3 IT15 locus considered a major causative gene of Huntington disorder. HTT is a neurodegenerative disorder mutation in gene cause abnormal movements and psychiatric disturbances. HTT is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with almost complete penetrance and till now, no research studies provide insight into HTT gene. Bioinformatics analysis includes transcription factors binding sites, phylogenetic studies with reference to various selected orthologs and syntenic relationship of HTT gene. Our study showed that in HTT gene majority of the portion is conserved among two orthologs chimpanzee and mouse in significance to human. These studies also revealed information about conservation of genes among different ortholog species and their evolutionary relationship. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/8 10.33865/wjb.001.02.0008 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 2; 65-69 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/8/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Muhammad Ilyas, Asif Mir, Sobiah Rauf, Sidrah Nazir, Humera Javed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1099 2024-12-05T05:44:52Z wjb:ART driver

Comparative assessment of urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in male and female patients with different age groups of chronic kidney disease in Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh Sami, Haiqa Tarique, Imran Arain, Sehrish Mughal, Rida Majeed, Iqra Saba, Rubia Rajput, Jaweria Altaf, Manahil Bux, Lal Chronic kidney disease, Urea, Creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen, Age, Sex Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects the structure and function of the kidney. The primary biochemical markers for diagnosis and evaluating stages of CKD include urea (Ur), blood nitrogen urea (BUN), and creatinine (Cr).  In this study, we investigate three biochemical parameters such as Ur, BUN, and Cr levels in CKD patients’ gender-vice with different age groups. Blood samples (n = 300) of males and females were collected from the Biochemistry Lab, Peoples University of Medical and Health Science, Shaheed Benazirabad during the 2023 year. Blood samples (5ml) were collected from the individuals through venipuncture and centrifuged for further analysis. Reagent 1 (2-Oxoglutarate ADP Urease GLDH and NADH) and Reagent 2 (tris), Reagent 1 (Picric acid) and Reagent 2 (Sodium hydroxide) were used for Ur and Cr analysis. Reagent A1 (Sodium salicylate, sodium nitroprusside, phosphate buffer) Reagent A2 (Urease) reagent B (Sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide) reagent S (Glucose/Urea/Creatinine standard) used for BUN. Four age groups were studied in our research for both genders. The highest positive coefficient correlation was shown by Ur and BUN with ‘r’=0.99 in this study. The statistical analysis showed a significantly higher average value of Ur, Cr, and BUN in males comparatively than in females with the age group of 61-80 years old. Whereas in the young age group (1-20 years old), female showed a significantly higher value than in the male sex group. Our study revealed a significant variation of Ur, Cr and BUN in male and female with different age groups, as male possessed higher muscle mass with increased dietary protein intakes than females. These biochemical markers aid in the proper assessment and are used for several routine analyses of CKD with different age groups of genders SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1099 10.33865/wjb.008.02.1099 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 2; 39-42 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1099/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Lal Bux, Lal Bux, Haiqa Sami, Imran Tarique, Sehrish Arain, Rida Mughal, Iqra Majeed, Rubia Saba, Jaweria Rajput, Manahil Altaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/212 2026-03-13T00:43:34Z wjb:ART driver

CHEMOMETRICS ASSISTED VALIDATED HPLC METHOD DETECTING SEASONAL VARIANCES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF Camellia sinensis CONSIDERING THE ABIOTIC STRESSES Bhandari, Koushik De, Baishakhi Goswami, Tridib Kumar Climatic changes; secondary metabolites; black tea; poly phenols; catechins; spring; autumn; monsoon Climatic changes have great impact on the crops and agro-eco systems and such changes influences the concentration of secondary metabolites. IIT Kharagpur, India is a non-traditional tea growing zone where Tocklai Vegetative 25 variety was used as the research material. This study reports the development of a chemometrics assisted HPLC method validated as per ICH guidelines to explore the effect of seasonal variations in polyphenolics viz. catechins and methyl xanthenes like caffeine in fresh tea leaves and processed CTC black tea prepared from them. Further study was done on the variances amongst the concentration of secondary metabolites and abiotic stress factors. Good resolutions of secondary metabolites were obtained using 92% of 0.2% acetic acid and 8% of acetonitrile as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1 mL/ min, injection volume of 20 µl,  PDA detector was set at 200-600 nm and chromatograms were recorded at 274 nm. Results of quantitative HPLC analysis have clearly shown that highest yield of catechins and caffeine were observed in fresh tea leaves plucked during spring (24.3ºC temperature and average rainfall of 34 mm) and also the processed black tea made from it, followed by tea leaves plucked during monsoon (28.8 ºC temperature and 282 mm rainfall) and processed black tea prepared from it. The lowest concentrations of secondary metabolites were found in leaves plucked during autumn (26.2 °C temperature and 132 mm rainfall) and the processed tea prepared from it. The developed quantitative HPLC method showed an inter day precision of 0.3, intraday precision of 0.2, repeatability value of 0.31, ruggedness value of 0.33 and robustness value of 0.2. Considering temperature and rainfall as abiotic stress factors, highest total polyphenolic content was obtained during spring and lowest in autumn. From our experimental findings, the fresh tea leaves of spring season and also the processed black tea prepared from it showed higher yield of catechins SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/212 10.33865/wjb.004.02.0212 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 2; 9-15 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/212/PDF Copyright (c) 2019 Koushik Bhandari, Baishakhi De, Tridib Kumar Goswami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1345 2024-12-20T16:42:40Z wjb:ART driver

Nematicidal activity of Pseudomonas spp. against citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) Batool, Wafia Siddique, Muhammad Abubakar Akhter, Adnan Khurshid, Muhammad Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Nasir Raza, Umair Ullah, Muhammad Zia Biocontrol; Rhizobacteria; Filtrate; Rhizosphere; Volatile compound Citrus slow decline caused by Tylenchulus Semipenetrans is a common disease deteriorating both quality and quantity of citrus fruits. The need to assess the citrus nematode population in citrus orchards is of fundamental importance in designing suitable management strategies. Population densities of nematode were assessed in different age groups and in different genera of citrus crops. Orchards reaching to the age of 20 years were most infested by T. semipenetrans as compared to new established orchards and very old orchards. Kinow genus was the most infested by nematodes as compared to sweet orange, fruiter and grapefruit. Plant parasitic nematodes are commonly managed by chemical control due to its rapid results but it is toxic to human health, causes resistance development in pathogens and exerts harmful effects on environment. So, there is a need of an alternatives to these noxious chemicals because world is shifting to organic farming. Bacterial isolates were collected from citrus rhizosphere and subjected to biochemical characterization. Nematicidal activity of isolates against citrus nematode was screened in laboratory conditions. Out of total 41 tested bacteria, 20 (48.5 % of total) displayed more than 50 % nematicidal activity against T. semipenetrans, among which 2 isolates CA26 and CA41 exhibited nematicidal activity more than 80%. Culture filtrate of tested bacteria also reduced the population of nematode. 5 strains from total tested bacteria exhibited nematicidal volatile effect on T. semipenetrans. Bacterium degrades multiple tissues of nematode body including, pharynx, intestine, cuticle, stylet, esophagus lobe and reproductive system of nematode SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1345 10.33865/wjb.009.03.1345 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 3; 33-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1345/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Wafia Batool, Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, Adnan Akhter, Muhammad Khurshid, Hafiz Muhammad Tariq, Nasir Ali, Umair Raza, Muhammad Zia Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/345 2024-12-05T05:52:42Z wjb:SC driver

Amanita pseudovaginata from Pakistan Khalid, Abdul Nasir Naseer, Arooj Amanitaceae, phylogeny, oaks, Shawar valley, Swat Amanita pseudovaginata of Amanita subgenus Amanita sect. Vaginatae was found associated with Quercus spp. forests during a survey of macrofungi from oaks forests of Pakistan. The fruiting body was characterized morphoanatomically as well as by molecular analysis. The identification of the fungal symbiont as Amanita pseudovaginata was confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS) sequences. Sporocarps were matched with published data available from Russia and China. Phylogenetic analyses and morphological descriptions are provided. This represents the first report of this species in Pakistan. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-08-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/345 10.33865/wjb.005.03.035 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 3; 19-21 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/345/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Abdul Nasir Khalid, Arooj Naseer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/926 2024-12-05T05:44:52Z wjb:ART driver

Computational analysis of heat shock protein (HSP) in Citrus X Sinensis Nawaz, Samia Rasool, Lubna Rauf, Abdur Rasul, Sumaira Physiochemical properties, motif analysis, multiple expectation maximization, phylogenetic analysis, swiss-Modeling, cellular localization Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and one of the cell’s most important regulatory proteins present in all species. HSPs are a multigene family classified into six families according to their molecular weight range between 8KDa to 110KDa: HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), and ubiquitin. Citrus X Sinensis is very economical, and widely grown in the world. It is one of the best sources of nutrition, vitamin C, fiber, thiamine, folate, and antioxidants. It has a variety of health benefits i.e., protects against cell damage, boosts the immune system, heals wounds, etc. For highlighting the aspect of HSPs of citrus in computing protein, this work has great significance. Present studies are based on the identification and characterization of heat shock proteins in Citrus sinuses. In silico research was performed; Arabidopsis thaliana protein sequences of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 were used as a reference to identify these molecular chaperones in Citrus sinuses through Blast Phytozome. Furthermore, physiochemical properties, multiple sequence alignment, Multiple Expectation Maximization for Motif Elicitation (MEME) and phylogeny were constructed for 44 sequences of HSP60, 22 sequences of HSP70 and 23 for HSP90. The best expression of HSPs was found in Endoplasmic Reticulum. The findings of the present studies provide a good understanding of the HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 families' function and expression site in the cell of Citrus sinuses. It also provides the basic knowledge for further investigations of the putative structure of dynamic proteins. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/926 10.33865/wjb.008.02.0926 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 2; 23-27 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/926/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/926/121 Copyright (c) 2023 Samia Nawaz, Lubna Rasool, Abdur Rauf, Sumaira Rasul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/167 2024-12-05T05:53:16Z wjb:ART driver

PERFORMANCE OF MUSAMBI SWEET ORANGE ON ROUGH LEMON AND VOLKAMERIANA ROOTSTOCKS AT SARGODHA, PAKISTAN Ahmed, Shabir Asim, Muhammad Ashraf, Tehseen Bakhsh, Allah Haque, Ehsan ul Hayat, Akbar Khan, Muhammad N. Musamabi, rough lemon rootstock, volkamerianarootstock, vegetative growth characteristics, fruit yield Musambi (Citrussinensis) is the commercial variety of the sweet oranges group well flourishing inPakistan. Formany years Musambi has beenon the way of rapid decline with reduced life span besides drastic reduction in yield and fruit quality grafted on rough lemon rootstock. To overcome this problem, Volkameriana as an alternative rootstock to rough lemon was tested with the focus to find out more compatible rootstock to prevent mentioned issues. Observations on different plant growth parameters such as plant height, stock and scion circumference, canopy volume, plant fruit yield and important quality characteristics of fruit were made. The rough lemon depicted statistically significant result in plant height, spread and canopy volume in responses recorded for 10 years consecutively from 2008 to 2017. The degree of compatibility in both rootstocks in the year 2008 to 2009 were statistically non-significant. The yield was measured in terms of average No. of fruits per plant depicted that Rough Lemon and Volkameriana rootstock produced  average 362.62 and 228.04 No. of fruits per plant respectively for the years 2012 to 2017. Moreover, results in different important quality characters i.e. fruit weight (g), Peel thickness (mm), Juice percentage, TSS and acidity were found better in the case of the plants grafted on Rough Lemon with the mean values of  176.23, 3.35, 46.56, 10.51 and 0.41respectively  for the six years consecutive  2012-2017. Results of studied rootstocks with context to given parameters remained at par; so other promising rootstocks should be taken in account for further studies SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2018-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/167 10.33865/wjb.003.03.0167 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 3, No 3; 223-226 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/167/PDF Copyright (c) 2018 Shabir Ahmed, Muhammad Asim, Tehseen Ashraf, Allah Bakhsh, Ehsan ul Haque, Akbar Hayat, Muhammad N. Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1224 2025-02-28T10:23:56Z wjb:ART driver

Evaluation of the phytoremediation potential of selected hydrophytes grown in wastewater. A case study in Sheikhupura, Pakistan Tahira, Syeda Anjum Ibrahim, Muhammad Younas, Saba Ghani, Sidra Abdul Saleem, Muhammad Bano, Saira Tahir, Uruj Wastewater, heavy metals, hydrophytes, phytoremediation Water pollution is a major environmental issue and human health risk worldwide.  With rapid industrialization and economic growth, water bodies are contaminated at large scale. In the current study the concentration of four heavy metals (HMs)  cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) was measured in water, sediment, and hydrophytes (Eichhornia Crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor) samples collected from wastewater stream in Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that the concentrations of Cd (0.23 mg L-1), Cu (5.00 mg L-1), Mn (6.00 mg L-1), and Ni (3.00 mg L-1) in water samples were  above the permissible limits (APL) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, the concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni in sediment samples was found to be below the maximum permissible limits (BMPL) set by  WHO. The WHO permissible limits for Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni in water is 0.01, 0.02, 0.20, and 1.40 mg L-1 respectively while in sediments is 3.00, 100, 2000, and 50 mg kg-1 respectively.  In addition, Mn concentration was highest among all the tested hydrophytes, water, and sediment samples. HMs contents were higher in hydrophytes as compared to water and sediment samples. In addition, all three hydrophytes were found to absorb HMs from wastewater with bioaccumulation factor ranging from 2.52 to 216. Current data revealed that Pistia stratiotes have greater potential to absorb HMs from water as compared to Eichhornia Crassipes, and Lemna minor SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1224 10.33865/wjb.009.02.1224 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 2; 47-52 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1224/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Syeda Anjum Tahira, Muhammad Ibrahim, Saba Younas, Sidra Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Saleem, Saira Bano, Uruj Tahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/306 2024-12-05T05:48:11Z wjb:ART driver

Efficacy of different primers on growth and yield of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) Atait, Mariam Qureshi, Usman Shoukat Tulip, primers, dormancy, chitosan, gibberellic acid, humic acid, imidacloprid, salicylic acid Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) is an important and highly valuable flower of the cut flower industry. The most critical step in its cultivation is to break dormancy in order to initiate the growth, especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Therefore, the current research was conducted to break bulb dormancy and foster the growth of tulip in Potohar region with the help of different primers. The objective of this study was the selection of best primer at appropriate concentration level to enhance growth, yield and vase life of the flower. Tulip bulbs were treated with different primers: T0 (distilled water), T1 (chitosan @ 5 g/L), T2 (gibberellic acid @ 0.15 g/L), T3 (humic acid 160 g/L), T4 (imidacloprid 19 g/L) and T5 (salicylic acid 0.1 g/L) for 24 hours, respectively. The experiment was laid out using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Statistical results revealed that characteristics including early germination, plant height, number of leaves, stalk length, fresh and dry weight of flower, weight of bulbs, diameter of bulbs and number of daughter bulbs were significantly increased in T2. Whereas, leaf area, diameter of stem and flower was maximum in T0. Plants under T3 showed an increase in chlorophyll content of leaves. While floral characteristics like early formation and opening of flower bud, more number of flowers and vase life were improved in T1. Thus, statistical results showed that priming can effectively help to improve morpho-physiological attributes of tulip. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/306 10.33865/wjb.005.02.0306 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 2; 31-35 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/306/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Mariam Atait, Usman Shoukat Qureshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1568 2026-02-11T16:54:59Z wjb:ART driver

Genetic diversity of the BMP-4 gene and associated amino acid variations in indigenous Bari goats of Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, Pakistan Ghumro, Shaista Jakhrani, Shahid Ali DNA Extraction, PCR, DNA sequencing, Point Mutations, Amino acids Bone morphogenetic protein 4 found in goats, cattle, and humans and is encoded by the BMP4 gene. BMP4 is found on chromosome 10q in goats. BMP4 gene is the subfamily of the superfamily transforming growth factor beta. It is an evolutionary conserved member of the BMPs family. BMP-4 is a protein coding gene that concerns with connective and soft tissues of the body structure. It plays main role in goats, cattle, human and other animal’s bodies for maintaining the body activities such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the novelty of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP-4 gene and their potential impact on body growth and development. Blood samples were collected from the Animal Hospital in District Khairpur using sterile techniques under hygienic conditions. The samples were then transported on dry ice in a cooling box to the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology for further analysis. Using a commercial DNA extraction kit, DNA was extracted from whole blood samples in the first step, and the results were displayed on gel electrophoresis. The PCR results were then sent for DNA sequencing in order to identify SNPs. According to the analysis, the Bari goat breed has roughly 19 mutations. The different base pair (bp) was where these mutations were found. While genetic codon changes result in the conversion of non-essential amino acids into essential amino acids, which improves the quality and quantity of milk and meat, this is a very positive sign. The milk of Bari goats was used for analysis and the results revealed the highest percentage of essential amino acids was Leucine 3.15% while the lowest Methiodine 2.40%. While in non-essential amino acids the highest percentage was Glutamic acid 2.98% and lowest was Glycine 1.01%. According to the results the Bari goat breed can be inferred from breed admixture and genetic markers can help with breeding selection SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2026-01-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1568 10.33865/wjb.10.03.1568 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 3; 21-24 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1568/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Shaista Ghumro, Shahid Ali Jakhrani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/447 2024-12-05T05:50:52Z wjb:ART driver

Response of mungbean to foliar application of nitrogen and micronutrients during reproductive stages Das, Utpal Kumar Mondal, M. Monjurul Alam Foliar fertilization, nitrogen, micronutrients, yield, mungbean An experiment was conducted at the pot yard of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during the period from February to May 2017 to investigate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and micronutrients on crop characters, yield attributes and yield of two mungbean genotypes. The experiment comprised four levels of nutrients foliar application like, i) T1 = Control; ii) T2 = Foliar application of urea at the rate of 1.5% four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days; iii) T3 = T2 + 0.1% micronutrients (B, Mo, Zn, Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu) four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days and iv); T4 = T3 + side dressing (soil application) of 1.5% N and 0.1% micronutrients solution four times from flowering start to pod development stage with an interval of 4 days. The genotypes were Binamoog-6 and Binamoog-7. Results revealed that morphological (plant height, branch and leaf number, leaf area plant-1), physiological (total dry mass plant-1, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll), yield attributes (number of pods plant-1, pod length, single pod weight, number of seeds pod-1 and 100-seed weight) and yield increased in foliar nutrients applied plants over control but the increment was greater in T2 and T3 than the T4 treatment. The highest plant height, branch and leaf number, leaf area, total dry mass, pod number, pod length, 100-seed weight and seed yield were recorded in T2 followed by T3 with same statistical rank (in most cases). The lowest morpho-physiological, yield attributes and yield were recorded in T1 (control) plants. Binamoog-7 was superior in most of plant parameters and yield compared to Binamoog-6. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/447 10.33865/wjb.006.03.0447 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 3; 27-30 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/447/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Utpal Kumar Das, M. Monjurul Alam Mondal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/738 2024-12-05T05:45:26Z wjb:ART driver

Assessment of photochemical performance of photosystem II in Limbarda crithmoides and Helianthus annuus under Pb stress using chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics Dridi, Nesrine Kouki, Rim Bouslimi, Houda Ferreira, Renata Hidouri, Saida Caçador, Isabel Sleimi, Noomene In the present work, the effectiveness of chlorophyll a fluorescence as a quick tool to detect the effect of Pb–stress on Limbarda crithmoides and Helianthus annuus species, when exposed to increasing Pb concentrations (0–500 µmol.L–1) for 45 days, was evaluated. The chlorophyll level in plant leaves, as well as the fresh weight and Pb content in the shoots and roots in both plant species, were also determined. L. crithmoides did not show any significant variation in photochemical quenching parameters and energy fluxes in all Pb concentrations despite the change in OJIP plot of 100 µmol.L–1 Pb. In addition, a significant increase in chlorophyll a content was noted along with an increase in the biomass production. However, in H. annuus, Pb stress increased energy absorption, dissipation and trapping and decreased energy transport and electron transport rate. In addition, the OJIP curve showed a notable modification at 300 and 500 µmol.L–1 Pb, without significant changes in the chlorophyll contents and in the biomass production under all Pb concentrations. Results also revealed that Pb was accumulated in the shoots and roots of L. crithmoides and H. annuus and the accumulation was more notorious in the roots of the treated plants. Lead exhibited different influence on the photosystem II performance in both species, thus, the evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence was a very efficacious tool to reflect the physiological status of L. crithmoides and H. annuus under Pb stress. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/738 10.33865/wjb.008.01.0738 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 1; 15-19 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/738/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Nesrine Dridi, Rim Kouki, Houda Bouslimi, Renata Ferreira, Saida Hidouri, Isabel Caçador, Noomene Sleimi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/142 2024-12-05T05:53:51Z wjb:ART driver

AN UNCULTURED BACTERIUM ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION IN MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata) IN PAKISTAN Mushtaq, Sehrish Shafiq, Muhammad Afzaal, Sohaib Ashraf, Tehseen Haider, Muhammad S. Mandarin orange, uncultured prokaryote, clone MC1, 16sRNA This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the bacterium associated with citrus greening disease. As this disease cause losses in citrus industry of Pakistan. It was suspected that may be there are more than one bacterium involved in this disease development. This disease look like happens due to complex population of microorganism so the reason is still not identified. There is a need of extensive research on citrus greening to know the basic reason for this disease. Therefore an extensive survey of citrus orchards infected with citrus greening disease in Mian Chanu region of Punjab, Pakistan was conducted in August, 2015. Vein yellowing, blotchy mottle and vein thickening were recorded. . The PCR product of size 1500 bp was amplified with universal 16sRNA primers 27F/1492R and Nucleotide sequence was deposited in Gene Bank NCBI through accession number LT592134. BLAST and Phylogenetic analysis established their association with separate group. In our knowledge, this might be a new uncultured bacterium (1369 bp), associated with infection in citrus tree in Mian chanu, Pakistan. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Scientific Platform 2018-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/142 10.33865/wjb.003.01.0142 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 3, No 1; 179-181 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/142/PDF Copyright (c) 2018 Sehrish Mushtaq, Muhammad Shafiq, Sohaib Afzaal, Tehseen Ashraf, Muhammad S. Haider https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1262 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:ART driver

Reproductive performance of local goats in Municipality of Liquica Freitas, Joana da Costa Freitas, Joana da Costa Amaral, Acacio Cardoso Barbosa, Maria Joana Baptista Francisco, Jeritalia Corosa Corosa Costa, Madalena da Performance reproductive, Local goat, Liquica One of the small ruminants with a lot of promise and popularity in the Municipality of Liquica are kacang goats. The purpose of this study is to determine how well the local goats in Liquica Municipality reproduce. In this study, a quantitative approach was taken. The research location was chosen using the purposive sampling method. The criterion of having at least three goats and five years of experience with them were used to choose the responders for this study. Solvin's formula was employed to ascertain the sample size. The variables that were observed were the kidding interval, size of the litter, length of pregnancy, and age at puberty. The findings demonstrated that the local goats in Tibar Village had good reproductive performance. Of the 71 respondents, they reported that the average age at puberty was 6.51 ± 0.65, the average gestation period was 5.08 ± 0.28, the average litter size was 1.08 ± 0.36, and the average calving interval was 8.86±0.59. Ulmera Village respondents, numbering seventy, stated that the local goats' puberty age was 7.84 ± 0.93, their gestation period was 5.09 ± 0.28, their litter size was 1.6 ± 0.48, and their calving interval was 8.56 ± 0.53. In Liquisa Municipality, the reproductive performance of Javanese goats is deemed satisfactory despite farmers' continued adherence to customary rearing practices. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Vicente Manuel Luis Guterres 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1262 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1262 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 35-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1262/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1262/214 Copyright (c) 2024 Joana da Costa Freitas, Joana da Costa Freitas, Acacio Cardoso Amaral, Maria Joana Baptista Barbosa, Jeritalia Corosa Corosa Francisco, Madalena da Costa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/288 2024-12-05T05:48:23Z wjb:SC driver

Occurrence of Jellyfish Crambionella orsini (Vanhoffen, 1888) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the coast of Pakistan Gul, Shahnawaz Catostylidae, Crambionella, Arabian Sea, Pakistan, first record, fishery This study reports jellyfish Crambionella orsini from the coast of Pakistan for the first time. The species is briefly described and its distribution is given. This is an edible jellyfish in Southeast Asia. Its abundance in the region may benefit fishermen in terms of fishery.    SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/288 10.33865/wjb.005.01.0288 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 1; 31-32 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/288/288 Copyright (c) 2020 Shahnawaz Gul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1516 2025-09-16T05:51:03Z wjb:ART driver

Molecular characterization of acromesomelic dysplasia type maroteaux: A homozygous nonsense mutation in NPR2 Ali, Zafar Ullah, Sami Ullah, Najeeb Akbar, Fazal Haq, Itazaz Ul Fawad, Sania Baig, Shahid Mahmood Dahl, Niklas Skeletal disorder, consanguineous family, whole exome sequencing, nonsense mutation, Sanger Sequencing Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM) is an autosomal recessive skeletal condition distinguish by uneven growth plates, spines, and limbs. People with Acromesomelic dysplasia are often much shorter than average and have disproportionately short arms and legs. We investigated the cause of autosomal recessive skeletal disorder in a consanguineous Pakistani family comprises of four affected individuals across two generations. By utilizing whole exome sequencing, we investigated a nonsense mutation in the exon 2 of NPR2 gene (c.844 C>T, p.Q282X) as the possible cause of the disease. The nonsense NPR2 gene mutation causes the premature termination of NPR2 protein, resulting in a shortened protein, missing a significant structural component. Segregation of NPR2 gene variant (c.844 C>T, p. Q282X) was confirmed by Sanger sequencing across the pedigree. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis such as proteins secondary and 3D protein structures predictions were also carried out to assess their functional impact. The results of this study can help the clinicians in differential and better diagnosis, developing carrier screening and parental diagnosis tests for the studied family can also aid in our understanding for the pathophysiology of the disease caused by NPR2 mutations SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED No funding was provided for this research. 2025-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1516 10.33865/wjb.10.02.1516 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 2; 7-10 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1516/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Zafar Ali, Sami Ullah, Najeeb Ullah, Fazal Akbar, Itazaz Ul Haq, Sania Fawad, Shahid Mahmood Baig, Niklas Dahl https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/432 2024-12-05T05:51:16Z wjb:ART driver

Genetic variability and association study of yield attributing traits in F2 populations of American cotton Hassan, Ali Ishaq, Muhammad Zubair Munir, Sana Abbas, Munazza Shehzad, Ahmad Naeem Athar, Habib- ur- Rehman Anjam, Muhammad Shehzad Qureshi, Muhammad Kamran correlation, genetic advance, gene action, Gossypium hirsutum, heritability, segregating generation Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops, grown all over the world. Genetic variability is a crucial factor from evolutionary point of view for crop species. It defines the adaptation of populations by allowing them to alter their genetic constitution in changing environment. Genetic variability in Gossypium hirsutum is declining due to selection pressure, hence causing low yield. Present study was conducted to evaluate ten parental genotypes with their F2 generations to uncover their genetic potential for yield by accessing genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association between fiber, yield and yield linked traits. High values of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance were observed for node of first fruiting branch, monopodia per plant, boll weight, fiber strength and yield per plant. All morphological and fiber quality traits represented broad sense heritability ranging from 51% to 90%. High value of genetic advance was shown by plant height and yield per plant. Positive association of yield per plant was recorded for traits such as plant height, node of first fruiting branch, monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, seeds per boll, and ginning out turn. Additionally, F2 progeny of CIM-534×MNH-814 had high yield per plant along with maximum number of bolls per plant and seed per boll. So, such F2 progeny can further be explored to improve yield and yield contributing traits. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-07-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/432 10.33865/wjb.006.02.0432 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 2; 21-25 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/432/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Ali Hassan, Muhammad Zubair Ishaq, Sana Munir, Munazza Abbas, Ahmad Naeem Shehzad, Habib- ur- Rehman Athar, Muhammad Shehzad Anjam, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/587 2024-12-05T05:50:13Z wjb:ART driver

Molecular detection of Babesia bovis along with haemato-biochemical alterations in large ruminants associated with babesiosis in central Punjab, Pakistan Ali, Mubarik Jamil, Muhammad Jabeen, Norina Gul, Jaweria Kashif, Muhammad Khan, Imtiaz Ullah, Naimat Babesiosis, PCR, hematobiochemical, B. bovis, animals, infected Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and is one of the most important bovine diseases that cause huge economic losses and high mortality in young animals. A hematobiochemical study was conducted to unveil the difference between diseased and healthy animals in specific districts i.e., Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang of Punjab, Pakistan. The total number of blood samples collected were 518 which include samples of 158 buffaloes and 360 cattle. The collected samples are then analyzed with the help of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) targeting apocytochrome b-genes (CYTb) followed by hematobiochemical analysis. The analysis of data was done by the Chi-square test. The PCR tests conducted in summer suggests that 53 out of 180 (29.4%) cows and 19 out of 79 (24.05%) buffaloes are prone to babesiosis. On the other hand, in winter results showed that 12.7 (23/180), 13.92 % (11/79) samples positive for Babesia genus through c-PCR. The positive samples were further investigated for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results revealed that, the mean value of hematological parameters like RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV and MCHC was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in infected animals (cows and buffaloes) as compared to the non-infected ones. While the biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, Cholesterol and LDH were significantly (P< 0.05) increased in infected animals as compared to healthy animals. These findings are the novel molecular and hematobiochemical evidence of B. bovis in dairy herds of Punjab province, Pakistan. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED NA 2022-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/587 10.33865/wjb.007.02.0587 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 2; 23-29 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/587/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Mubarik Ali, Muhammad Jamil, Norina Jabeen, Jaweria Gul, Muhammad Kashif, Imtiaz Khan, Naimat Ullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/14 2024-12-05T05:55:50Z wjb:RART driver

APPLICATION OF MEDICAL IMAGES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES-REVIEW ARTICLE Khan, Fasiha F. Saeed, Abid Haider, Shujjah Ahmed, Kaleem Ahmed, Aleem Medical images; disease diagnosis; computer technology; Medical imaging provides information regarding the body part, and their tissues. Any disorder in their structure and function is detected easily and then correlates with clinical findings. This all provide the suitable treatment guidelines with less pain and convenient ways. With the passage of time as technology advances, the accuracy and efficiency in medical imaging get also advanced. Different kinds of algorithms are developed to enhance the sensitivity of medical imaging process lines. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2017-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/14 10.33865/wjb.002.01.0014 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 2, No 1; 135-138 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/14/PDF Copyright (c) 2017 Fasiha F. Khan, Abid Saeed, Shujjah Haider, Kaleem Ahmed, Aleem Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1123 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:ART driver

Stability and adaptability evaluation of grain sorghum varieties using GGE biplot Saeed, Muhammad Mumtaz, Aamer Ihsanullah, Muhammad Hussain, Aamir Khan, Amjed Nayab, Syeda Fiza Iqbal, Javed MMRI, GE interaction, ideal genotype, Mega-environment, which-won-where analysis In Pakistan, Sorghum can be a good domestic source of high-quality fodder and feed, because of its high protein and sugar contents. Location-specific adaptation of lines/varieties as found in the current study evidently implies that location-specific breeding needs are more importance than concentrating on wider adaptability. Another point of consideration is that it is essential to recognize location-specific cultivars over location and multi-year data for their consideration before commercial release for the sake of stability of the cultivar. This is important not only to sorghum only but also in other crops as well. The G × E interaction of six Pakistani experimental sorghum lines produced by Pedigree method and two check cultivars were evaluated for days to 50% flowering, stalk weight, grain yield and Brix value along with their stability and/or adaptability across two locations and two years, under randomized complete block (RCB) design. Three replications were used for each treatment. The combined analyses of variance of all the studied characters showed that they were affected significantly by environments (E), genotypes (G) and genotype by environment interaction (G × E) in every year except for the environment in Brix value. The ideal genotype evaluation proved that YSS-10 was the best line for the all four environments. Dera Gazi Khan is an ideal location for testing grain sorghum genotypes. The ’Which-won-where’ biplots indicated a crossover type of G × E between experimental lines YSS-10 and YSS-18 for the grain yield SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1123 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1123 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 1-6 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1123/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/downloadSuppFile/1123/170 Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Saeed, Aamer Mumtaz, Muhammad Ihsanullah, Aamir Hussain, Amjed Khan, Syeda Fiza Nayab, Javed Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/227 2026-03-13T00:54:55Z wjb:ART driver

IN-VITRO SCREENING OF DIFFERENT TOMATO GENOTYPES AGAINST PEG INDUCED WATER STRESS Naveed, Muhammad Saqib Manzoor, Ayesha Javed, Ahsan Tariq, Muhammad Azeem : Drought, in vitro, PEG, screening, seedling, tomato Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) is one of the most economically important plants in the Solanaceae family. Water scarcity is one of the major climatic constraints which is affecting all crops including tomato in the world. Selection of water stress tolerant cultivars is an important strategy to overcome this problem. Therefore the present research was conducted to determine the effect PEG induced water stress on germination percentage and early growth stages of tomato seedlings. Fifteen different tomato genotypes were screened under in-vitro conditions using two different concentrations of PEG (2% and 4%). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Parameters like germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and seedling biomass (g) were recorded during the experiment. Results indicated that PEG induced water stress significantly reduced germination percentage (%) and other growth parameters in drought susceptible tomato genotypes (RUS-1, Rustam, R-2017, Pakit, 17904, Kashmiri, Kiara, Avinash, and K.K.2). Whereas in other genotypes “R. Wonder, Naqeeb, Rio grande, T-4, Patfeeder and Nagina” all parameters increase with an increase in PEG concentration. However among these genotypes, “Patfeeder” exhibited highest germination percentage (100 %) with maximum root and shoot length and seedling biomass at highest PEG concentration 4%. Based on experimental results, “Patfeeder” was considered a drought tolerant genotype due to its better performance in different levels of water stress. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/227 10.33865/wjb.004.03.0227 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 3; 15-19 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/227/pdf Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Saqib Naveed, Ayesha Manzoor, Ahsan Javed, Muhammad Azeem Tariq ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1414 2025-07-19T02:01:23Z wjb:ART driver

“AROOJ-22” a versatile climate resilient high yielding bread wheat variety recommended for irrigated and rainfed areas of Punjab Pakistan Ahmad, Javed Ahmad, Nadeem Javed, Ahsan Shamim, Sadaf Zulkiffal, Muhammad Tanveer, Muhammad Hammad Javaid, Muhammad Makky Ramzan, Yasir Ghafoor, Iqra Rehman, Sajid-ur Climate change, thermal stress, plant physiology, genetic diversity, SSR Marker. Arooj-22 is a bread wheat variety released by Wheat Research Institute (WRI), for irrigated and rainfed areas of Punjab-Pakistan. It was selected during 2016-17 from 24th Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) from CIMMYT, Mexico. It was evaluated for yield stability in regular, provincial and national yield trials with the genotype code; V-17179 from 2017-2021. It delivered superior against the check variety Faisalabad-08, over 28 locations (22 irrigated and 6 rainfed) throughout the province of Punjab and produced 14.7% more grain yield in provincial yield trial. In national yield trial during 2019-20; V-17179 produced 13.4%, 17% and 18% higher yield than check varieties (Ghazi-19, Pak-13, local check) under 20 irrigated locations while produced 11.48%, 15.95% and 17.21% more grain yield than same check varieties under 6 rain-fed locations. Moreover, in national yield trial during 2020-21; V-17179 produced 2.1% and 5.1% more grain yield under 21 irrigated locations as compared to check (Ghazi-19 and Pak-13), while under 6 rain-fed locations V-17179 produced 3.5%, 8.2% and 10% more grain yield than check varieties (Ghazi-19, Pak-13 and local check). Rust resistance index was very good as 8.4 for leaf rust while it was in the acceptable range of 5.67 against yellow rust. The quality parameters were also found worthy regarding protein (12.9%), starch (53.3%), gluten (23%) and test weight (71.1 kg/hl). Arooj-22 delivered best consecutively in two-years (2019-20 and 2020-21) when sown at 1st forth-night during November, with the seed rate of 100 kgha-1 along with the dose fertilizer of 120-90-60 N-P-K (kgha-1). The DNA fingerprinting report showed that Arooj-22 has diverse genetic background from previously registered genotypes. The variety Arooj-22 was recommended/approved in 2021 for the general cultivation in irrigated and rainfed areas of Punjab SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1414 10.33865/wjb.10.1.1414 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 1; 7-12 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1414/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Javed Ahmad, Nadeem Ahmad, Ahsan Javed, Sadaf Shamim, Muhammad Zulkiffal, Muhammad Hammad Tanveer, Muhammad Makky Javaid, Yasir Ramzan, Iqra Ghafoor, Sajid-ur Rehman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/387 2026-03-21T00:20:57Z wjb:ART driver

Insecticidal activity of essential oils of Cupressus arizonica greene and C. sempervirens L. on Tortrix viridana (Lepidotera, Tortricidae) Mannai, Yaussra Ezzine, olfa Dhahri, Samir Ben Jama, Mohamed Lahbib Hamrouni, Lamia Tortrix viridana; Cupressus arizonica; C. sempervirens; larvicidal activity Tortrix viridana is one of the most important defoliators of oak trees. In 2006 and 2007, this insect caused significant defoliations of oak forests in the Northwestern Tunisia. This work aims at studying the insecticidal activity of essential oils of Cupressus arizonica and C. sempervirens on 3rd, 4th and 5th instars larvae of T. viridana by the contact test. Three different concentrations of essential oils (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) were used to test their contact effectiveness; the Deltamethrin and the ethanol were used as positive and negative controls. Larvicidal activity was determined by measuring the Mean Mortality Time (MMT) to kill 100% of larvae. A total of 28 chemical compounds have been identified from C. arizonica and 20 chemical compounds from C. sempervirens. The difference in MMT of the 3rd instar larva was highly significant between the 3 concentrations of the two tested essential oils, the negative and positive controls. In fact, the concentration (0.5%) was more efficient than the two other concentrations with a MMT=1h31min12s for C. arizonica and 5h11min20s for C. sempervirens. The same results were observed for the 4th (MMT=3h23min24s (Ca) and 4h1min (Cs)) and 5th (MMT= 3h23min24s (Ca) and 4h01min (Cs)) instars. The results revealed that the essential oil of C. arizonica was more effective than C. sempervirens. Therefore, it is recommended to use the essential oil of C. arizonica and not that of C. sempervirens, given its insecticidal efficiency on the 3rd instar larva of T. viridana SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/387 10.33865/wjb.006.01.0387 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 1; 1-5 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/387/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Yaussra Mannai, olfa Ezzine, Samir Dhahri, Mohamed Lahbib Ben Jama, Lamia Hamrouni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/463 2024-12-05T05:50:29Z wjb:ART driver

Gamma irradiation effect on morphological character of M1 generation of okra Rouf, Md. Abdur Tasnim, Sadia Khan, Nazmul Alam Sarkar, Mohammad Joyel Sumi, Mirana Akhter Nabi, K.M. Eadun Farthouse, Jannatul Gamma; Irradiation; Okra; Mutation The study was done to assess the impact of various dosages of gamma beams (150, 300, 450 and 600Gy and zero portions as control) on different morphological parts of two assortments of Abelmoschus esculentus named BARIdherosh-1 and BARIdherosh-2. The experiment was spread out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The consequences of various portions showed that gamma illumination essentially influences all boundaries i.e., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, length of pod and number of seeds per plant. Plant height was significantly increased at 600 Gy (133.6cm) and 150 Gy (155.2cm) for BARIdherosh-1 and BARIdherosh-2 respectively as compared to control. At 300Gy (16.35) and 450Gy (16.23), maximum pods per plant were found for BARIdherosh-1 and BARIdherosh-2. For BARIdherosh-1 maximum number of seeds per plant (590.17) was observed at 150 Gy and for BARIdherosh-2 (542.33) it was 450 Gy. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/463 10.33865/wjb.007.01.0463 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 1; 7-10 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/463/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Md. Abdur Rouf, Sadia Tasnim, Nazmul Alam Khan, Mohammad Joyel Sarkar, Mirana Akhter Sumi, K.M. Eadun Nabi, Jannatul Farthouse https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/4 2026-03-13T00:22:53Z wjb:ART driver

OPTIMIZATION OF CONCENTRATION CONDITIONS FOR FOOD PRODUCTS WITH HIGH HUMIDITY Madzgharashvili, Giorgi Concentration, evaporation surface area, invert sugar, honey, jam, fruit purees, hydroxymethylfurfural According to the research, for improving the properties of unripe and partly sour honey, its concentration can be achieved by increasing the evaporation surface area of the products to be processed in vacuum conditions as well as in an open boiler under the recommended mode for heating honey (up to 45 °C). To stabilize fruits and accelerate the process of concentration in the liquids as well as mechanical mixtures of liquids for jams and fruit purees, it is recommended to premix the pulp with food sugar enzymatic hydrolysate (invert sugar), then obtain the mix at relatively moderate temperature (55-60°C), for which the intensive thickening technology has been developed using the above-mentioned method (Copyright of deposition #5870,2014, “Sakpatenti”) and easily oxidizable substances of fruits are protected in gaseous nitrogen stream. Due to these changes, honey, invert sugar syrup, fruit juices and fruit pulp preserve their original properties, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in the finished product was within 0.5-5.0mg/kg, decrease of water content was 17-20 mass % in an hour, if the liquid mass concentration of the mixture was 23-64 mass%. This paper contains 1 table, 7 figures and 6 literary sources. Materials of the research, which formed the basis for the development of new technology, have not been published in any other source of scientific information. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/4 10.33865/wjb.001.01.0004 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 1; 39-42 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/4/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Giorgi Madzgharashvili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1000 2024-12-05T05:45:26Z wjb:RART driver

The human microbiome: A critical player in health and disease Athar, Aqsa Rasool, Aysham Muzaffar, Hamail Sahar Mahmood, Ayesha Abdullah, Muhammad Ali, Zain Majeed, Yusra The human microbiome, ecosystem, gut microbiome, skin microbiome, oral microbiome, dysbiosis The human microbiome is a remarkable and sophisticated ecology made up of billions of bacteria that live in various regions of the human body, and its importance in supporting human health cannot be understated. The gut microbiome, in particular, has been widely studied and determined to have an important role in immune system regulation, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the creation of numerous metabolites. Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been related to a variety of conditions and diseases, including metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the encouraging outcomes of microbiome-based therapeutics like fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics have given fresh hope for the treatment and prevention of many disorders. Similarly, the skin microbiome and oral microbiome have been discovered to play significant roles in pathogen protection, inflammatory regulation, and general health. Skin and mouth microbiome dysbiosis have been linked to a variety of dermatological and dental illnesses, respectively. Microbiome-based treatments, such as topical probiotics, oral probiotics, and prebiotics, have shown success in the treatment and prevention of various disorders.The human microbiome is an intriguing and promising field of research that might lead to new ways of preserving and improving human health. We can create novel ways for preventing and treating a variety of illnesses and diseases by better understanding the intricate connections between the microbiome and the host. It is imperative to continue exploring the microbiome to discover novel and effective therapeutics to battle the increase in chronic illnesses and enhance the general health of our communities. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1000 10.33865/wjb.008.01.1000 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 1; 31-37 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1000/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Aqsa Athar, Aysham Rasool, Hamail Sahar Muzaffar, Ayesha Mahmood, Muhammad Abdullah, Zain Ali, Yusra Majeed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/196 2026-03-13T00:40:45Z wjb:SC driver

VERMINOUS PNEUMONIA IN A CALF FROM A DAIRY FARM UNIT, A CASE STUDY Nour, Nasrollah V. Alireza, Salehi Verminous pneumonia, calf, farm Following a report of a respiratory problem in a calf’s head with an approximate age of 60 days, a livestock unit has undergone basic examinations. Symptoms such as coughing, epistaxis and fever of 40°C were observed. Antibiotics along with serum were prescribed as treatment but the calf has been wasted after a week. With an autopsy and the lung examination, a huge amount of white and thick mucosal secretions as well as a number of parasite larvae have also been isolated within the bronchi. The morphological characteristics of these larvae have been confirmed by Dictyocaulus viviparus parasite infection. Basically, the role of parasitic agents in the development of pneumonia in calves is very significant. Due to the lesser consideration of the role of parasitic agents in the calf’s pneumonia and in addition to the high cost of treatment, this, ultimately leads to the death of calves. Therefore, in dealing with such cases, Para clinical tests such as stool test is also suggested SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/196 10.33865/wjb.004.01.0196 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 1; 35-36 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/196/PDF Copyright (c) 2019 Nasrollah V. Nour, Salehi Alireza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1337 2024-12-20T16:42:40Z wjb:ART driver

Exploring the supremacy of Bacillus species among sunflower endophytes as a promising bio stimulating tool Bashir, Sadia Iqbal, Atia Hasnain, Shahida Sunflower, Bacillus endophytes, Auxin, Bio stimulants, Plant growth promotion Compromising food production due to the adverse effects of frequently utilized agrochemicals is one of the alarming issues of the world to be resolved quickly. However, the employment of plant bacterial endophytes as bio stimulants is a valuable strategy for the improvement of crop health and ultimately for large-scale ecological farming with the perspective of strengthening the world’s food security. The occurrence of endophytic bacteria in close vicinity of plants may reflect their crucial role in the growth enrichment of beneficially associated crops. This study aimed to establish the phylogeny of native bacterial species of sunflowers isolated from the endosphere and to assess their potential to promote plant growth by phenotypic approaches. For this purpose, ten bacterial isolates were scrutinized for their growth promotion ability on manual reinoculation into the native plant of sunflower. Three different genera (Bacillus, Priestia, Paenibacillus) sharing the phylum of Firmicute with the supremacy of Bacillus species were identified by 16SrRNA phylogeny. In Vitro study has revealed their varying PGP abilities, with the foremost of auxin (46-104 µg/ml) and of siderophore (15-50 µg/ml) productions. Results of In Planta experiments, publicized the dominancy of bacillus inhabitants as promising bio stimulants for plant growth, reducing the chemical implementation in agricultural practices. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1337 10.33865/wjb.009.03.1337 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 3; 21-25 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1337/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Sadia Bashir, Atia Iqbal, Shahida Hasnain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/334 2024-12-05T05:52:42Z wjb:ART driver

Efficiency of gamma radiation technology in decontamination of wastewater from Soba Station-Khartoum Sudan Haroun, Mahdi khalid, Tisser Altawil, Abdelazim Mohd Osman, Gammaa Abdelgadir Mohd Diab, Eiman Elrashid Soba municipal, gamma radiation, chemical oxygen Demand, wastewater, biochemical oxygen demand, breakdown In Sudan the expense of municipality treatment is expanding with more strict environmental obligations. Radiation technology for handling of industrial and domestic water supply is presently under study in many countries. The expenses for the wastewater treatment by radiation technology are comparable with that of the other modern technology of treatment systems. This study focuses on using of various radiation doses to handle samples of municipal wastewater collected from Soba wastewater station south of Khartoum-Sudan. The experimental results confirmed that some physicochemical parameters like pH, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, FOG, and Total phenols were decreased with increasing absorbed doses. Other parameters like Electrical conductivity (EC) and Hardness were not affected by radiation doses. TDS, turbidity decreased up to 50 K rad and then increased with increased in radiation doses. All parameters are within the permissible level in Sudan for discharge to surface water. Gamma-irradiation has shown to be effective in removing organic contaminants from the sewage water and sludge. Gamma-irradiation opens door for possible reuse of irradiated sewage water and sludge. The whole experimental issues involving the management of disposed materials must be put in mind when we are assessing the benefits of applying technology of radiation for treating all municipality issues in Khartoum city. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Environment, Natural Resources, and Desertification Research Institute (ENDRI), National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan Dept. of Environmental Health -College of Health Sciences-Jumeira University-Dubai- UAE 2020-06-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/334 10.33865/wjb.005.03.0334 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 3; 9-14 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/334/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Mahdi Haroun, Tisser khalid, Abdelazim Mohd Altawil, Gammaa Abdelgadir Mohd Osman, Eiman Elrashid Diab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/102 2017-11-08T18:07:42Z wjb:RART

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/787 2024-12-05T05:44:52Z wjb:ART driver

Gross and histological study of the larynx in red sokoto goat (Capra hircus) from Sokoto, Nigeria Abubakar, Danmaigoro Yusuf, Abdullahi Usman Muhammad, Mahmud Abdullahi Abubakar, Kabeer Larynx, cartilage, hyaline, elastic, epiglottis, cricoid, arytenoid Small ruminants are very important in securing food security and are economically significant in the rural community especially in the west African country. The larynx serves as both airway passage and organ of vocalization, which are associated with their own pathology and diseases. In the current study, 9 specimens of larynxes from apparently healthy red sokoto goats were obtained from Sokoto Modern abattoir, dissected, and morphologically and histologically evaluated. The results showed the larynx is a firm irregular tubular structure situated in between the ramii of the mandible with the laryngeal muscles are intertwined in between the cartilages. The rostral aspect of the larynx forms the caudal border of the pharynx while the caudal end of the larynx continues as the trachea. The thyroid cartilage is the largest while arytenoids are the smallest.  Histologically, the thyroid, arytenoids and cricoid are of the hyaline cartilage while the epiglottis is made up of the elastic cartilage. This research work focus on evaluating the gross and microscopic anatomy of the larynx, thus, providing information for future use in both anatomical studies and clinical applications. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/787 10.33865/wjb.008.02.0787 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 2; 1-3 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/787/pdf_1 Copyright (c) 2023 Danmaigoro Abubakar, Abdullahi Usman Yusuf, Mahmud Abdullahi Muhammad, Kabeer Abubakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/156 2024-12-05T05:53:35Z wjb:ART driver

EFFECT OF CYTOKININS ON IN VITRO SHOOT PROLIFERATION OF OLIVE CULTIVARS “EARLIK” AND “BARI ZAITOON-2” Ashraf, Sharmin Manzoor, Ayesha Zulfiqar, Bushra Tariq, Muhammad A. BAP, cytokinin, micro-propagation, olive, shoot proliferation and Zeatin In olive, micro-propagation is an effective technique for mass multiplication of disease free, true to type plants, but shoot proliferation in mature tissues of olive is a major difficulty encountered during culture establishment. Thus an experiment was designed with an objective to study the effect of different cytokinins (BAP and Zeatin) on shoot proliferation of two olive cultivars (Earlik and BARI Zaitoon-2). In olive Rugini medium, BAP and Zeatin were added alone and in combination at a concentration of 1 mg L-1 and 2 mg L-1. Experiments were arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications per treatment. Results showed that both the olive cultivars performed well when BAP + Zeatin were supplemented to the medium at 2+2 mg L-1 concentration. However, the cultivar “BARI Zaitoon-2” had the highest shooting percentage (90.67 %) and number of nodes per shoot (8.33) in treatment containing BAP (2 mg L-1) + Zeatin (2 mg L-1), whereas, “Earlik” at same concentration had more shoot length (9.10 cm) and number of shoots per explant (3.67). Thus, it was concluded that the findings of these results will help in the future for developing shoot proliferation protocols for other olive cultivars. Moreover, these protocols can also be further be used in other woody plants micro propagation SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2018-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/156 10.33865/wjb.003.02.0156 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 3, No 2; 199-202 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/156/PDF Copyright (c) 2018 Sharmin Ashraf, Ayesha Manzoor, Bushra Zulfiqar, Muhammad A. Tariq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1251 2025-02-28T10:23:56Z wjb:ART driver

Quality assessments of spring water available in various Districts of Azad Kashmir Aslam, Iram Abid, Hafiz Rizwan Rahman, Hafiz Ubaid Ur Asghar, Waqas Khalid, Nauman The study was conducted to find out the health of spring water available in different districts of Azad Jammu Kashmir. A total of 8 districts (Muzaffarabad, Kotli, Poonch, Sudhanati, Jhelum Valley, Bagh, Neelum, and Haveli) were selected where spring water is available and people are using that water for drinking purposes. Physiochemical analysis and microbiological analysis were monitored by using standard methods (PSQCA and WHO). The physiochemical analysis of most samples revealed the range as per the standard of PSQCA and WHO. On the other hand, in microbiological analysis, total plate count, coliform, and E. coli were found higher in districts Bagh and Haveli. The results of the microbiological analysis may be influenced by contamination during sample collection or by environmental circumstances.    SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED N/A 2024-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1251 10.33865/wjb.008.02.1251 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 2; 41-46 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1251/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Iram Aslam, Hafiz Rizwan Abid, Hafiz Ubaid Ur Rahman, Waqas Asghar, Nauman Khalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/300 2026-03-20T22:54:34Z wjb:ART driver

Potentiality of municipal sludge for biological gas production at Soba Station South of Khartoum (Sudan) Haroun, EL Mahdi Ahmed khalid, Tisser Altawil, Abdelazim Mohd Osman, Gammaa A. M. Diab, Eiman Elrashid Sludge, municipal plant, organic material, anaerobic process, breakdown, biological gas potential Biogas production considered the most encouraging sources of renewable energy in Sudan. Anaerobic process of digestion is considered as efficient techniques of producing biogas. The process also a trustworthy method for treatment of municipal wastes, and the digested discharge could be utilized as soil conditioner to improve the productivity. This research work states at the option of using domestic sludge of the wastewater treatment plant in Soba municipal station (south of Khartoum-Sudan) to produce biological gas (biogas). A laboratory investigation was carried out using five-liter bioreactor to generate biogas for 30 days. The total volume of gas made was 270.25 Nml with a yield of 20 Nml of biogas/mg of COD removed. Chemical oxygen demand, Biological oxygen demand, & total solids drop produced were 89, 91 & 88.23% respectively. Microbial activity was declined from 1.8x107 (before starting the process of digestion) to 1.1x105 germs/mL (after completion of 30 days of digestion). This study offered a significant energetic opportunity by estimated the power production to 35 KWh. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/300 10.33865/wjb.005.02.0300 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 2; 11-15 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/300/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 EL Mahdi Ahmed Haroun, Tisser khalid, Abdelazim Mohd Altawil, Gammaa A. M. Osman, Eiman Elrashid Diab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1541 2026-02-11T16:54:59Z wjb:ART driver

Preliminary morphological record and analysis of the oriental rat snake (Ptyas mucosa) in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan Anwar, Saeed Khan, Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Ishtiyaq, Muhammad Ahmad, Abrar Ullah, Arif ., Tanzeela Khan, Sanaullah Adnan, Muhammad Ptyas mucosa, Lakki Marwat, taxonomic differentiation, habitat degradation, conservation This study confirmed the first morphological record of the Oriental Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa), in Lakki Marwat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Pakistan, expanding its known geographic range and contributing to regional herpetofaunal databases. In the current study, morphological identification of an adult male specimen collected in June 2025 was done, including detailed meristic counts (dorsal, ventral, and subcaudal scales) and morphometric measurements (snout-vent length, tail length, and cranial dimensions). The specimen was preserved in ethanol and examined using standardized taxonomic protocols. Key diagnostic traits were 17 midbody dorsal scale rows, 193 ventrals, 111 subcaudals, a divided anal plate, elongated tail (TlL/SVL ratio: 0.374), and robust cranial proportions (HL/SVL: 0.031). These features distinctly differentiate it from congeners, which exhibit fewer dorsal rows (15), lower subcaudal counts (74–80), and undivided anal plates. Additionally, the specimen’s larger body size (SVL: 976 mm) and unique scalation (8 upper/9 lower labials) suggest potential ecological adaptations or regional phenotypic divergence. The current study emphasize the need for integrating morphological data with molecular analyses to resolve taxonomic uncertainties and inform conservation strategies for colubrid snakes facing habitat degradation and illegal trade SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED N/A 2025-10-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1541 10.33865/wjb.10.3.1541 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 10, No 3; 1-5 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1541/pdf Copyright (c) 2025 Saeed Anwar, Shahid Ali Khan, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ishtiyaq, Abrar Ahmad, Arif Ullah, Tanzeela, Sanaullah Khan, Muhammad Adnan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/437 2026-03-21T00:38:14Z wjb:ART driver

Callus induction and chemical characterization of cell suspension cultures of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) Akram, Muhammad Aftab, Faheem 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride, callus, cell suspension culture, cell viability, jojoba, packed cell volume Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) oil is also known as liquid wax or fixed oil. It is an important metabolite of jojoba having commercial importance in cosmetics as well as a potential biofuel source. We presented an efficient system for in vitro establishment of cell suspension cultures (CSC) from proliferating friable calluses. For this purpose, cotyledon, internode, and leaf explants were cultured on MS medium + 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 µM 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 1 or 2 µM N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or Kinetin. Results demonstrated that 100% healthy, friable and variegated calluses were obtained on 8 µM, 10 µM 2, 4-D or 2, 4-D 10 µM + 2 µM BAP and represented as callus lines (CL) CL-1, CL-2 or CL-3, respectively, after 38 days. One-gram callus tissue per CL was then immersed in the respective liquid medium and agitated on an orbital shaker at 60-70 rpm under the growth room conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 16 h light period) for the preparation of CSC. After 15 days, CSC was sieved and large clumps were removed. Growth measurement of CSC was determined by cell counting, packed cell volume (PCV) and cell viability. The highest number of viable cells was obtained at 2.57 OD with CL-3, where PCV was highest (0.35 ml) on CL-1 of 38 days old calluses. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was a reliable approach for the determination of cell viability of CSC. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/437 10.33865/wjb.006.03.0437 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 3; 5-9 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/437/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Akram, Faheem Aftab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/691 2024-12-05T05:50:01Z wjb:ART driver

Mycoflora and influence of moisture on the mycological profile and their mycotoxigenic potential in some imported spices and seasonings on the Ghanaian market Addo, Joshua Odamtten, George Tawia Anyebuno, George Spices and seasoning powders; mycoflora profile; aflatoxin; Ochratoxin A; Environmental Relative Humidity; Isotherms The liberalized Ghanaian economy has resulted in the influx of many internationally accepted and shoddy goods into the country. This has spurred on the study of some four of such spices, (Seasoned Meat Tenderizer, Poultry Seasoning, Ground Cinnamon and Sausage Spices) with the view to ascertaining their mycological qualities when expose to different Environmental Relative Humidity (ERH) and mycotoxin contamination using the conventional methods. The samples absorbed moisture differently at 75%, 85% and 95% ERHs. The initial resident mycoflora population on the samples varied according to the isolation media but gave a wider spectrum of the resident mycoflora. There was commensurate increase in resident mycoflora population of nearly 2 log cycles as the incubation ERH increase from 75%-95%. Each sample recorded ten (10) fungal genera, with six (6) common groups (Absidia, Aspergillus, Eurotium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus). Fungal species diversity encountered on all samples can be ranked as follows: Seasoned Meat Tenderizer (24 species)> Sausage Spices (19 species) > Ground Cinnamon (18 species) > Poultry Seasonings (17 species). Variable vegetative and radial growth of three dominant Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus, A.fumigatus) sspecies on spice-based media, indicated they could serve as suitable substrates for growth and mycotoxins formation. Of all spices tested only Sausage Spices contained Aflatoxin B1 (1.951 µg/kg), Aflatoxin B2 (0.552 µg/kg) and Ochratoxin A (26.470 µg/kg). Results obtained underscores need for continuous use of existing Regulatory Specifications to monitor quality of imported and locally manufactured dehydrated foods and spices so as to protect the populace from consuming products laden with mycoflora and mycotoxins detrimental to their health. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-12-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/691 10.33865/wjb.007.03.0691 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 3; 31-40 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/691/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Joshua Addo, George Tawia Odamtten, George Anyebuno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/108 2024-12-05T05:54:35Z wjb:ART driver

MANAGEMENT OF APHID BORNE POTATO VIRUS Y (PVY) THROUGH CHEMICAL AND BIO-CHEMICAL METHODS Hussain, Altaf Arif, Muhammad Abbas, Aqleem PVY, Chemical method, non-chemical method, management The aim of this study was the management of potato virus Y (PVY) in potato cv. Desiree through chemical and non-chemical methods. The experiment was carried out at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring season, 2014 under field conditions. One of the major objectives of the experiment was to assess the effectiveness of the treatments application in their individual state as well as in combinations under field conditions. The treatments were mineral oil, insecticide, biocide and their combinations. Among various treatments, Diver was effective with disease severity level (1) and % disease incidence (40) in individual state and in combination (Diver + Confidor) and (Diver + Confidor + Neem extract) gave good results with % disease incidence (33.33) and with disease severity level (1). Neem extract was found to be less effective when used individually with % disease incidence (56.66) and with disease severity level (3), whereas Confidor when applied individually was more effective than Neem extract with % disease incidence (50) and with disease severity level (2). Moreover Diver in combination with Neem extract was found to be less effective in management of PVY as compared to Diver in combination with Confidor with % disease incidence (40) and disease severity level (1). Three aphid species were found in the field i.e Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphid gossypii (Glover) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). In case of aphid’s population, Confidor was more effective in reducing aphid’s population as compared to Diver and Neem extract. Finally, it can be concluded that Diver alone was more effective in the management of PVY. However in combination, Diver with Confidor significantly managed PVY under field conditions SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2017-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/108 10.33865/wjb.002.02.0108 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 2, No 2; 159-163 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/108/PDF Copyright (c) 2017 Altaf Hussain, Muhammad Arif, Aqleem Abbas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1183 2024-12-05T05:43:52Z wjb:ART driver

Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on growth performance and blood profiles of cattle heifers Anwar, Ali Shah, Syed Uzair Ali Rajput, Muhammad Naeem Soomro, Saeed Ahmed Behan, Atique Ahmed Moringa oleifera, heifer, growth, blood profile To evaluate the impact of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the growth performance, body conformation, and blood biochemistry of intensively managed cattle heifers, a total of 12 heifers were randomly selected and divided into two groups viz. group-CON (basal diet) and group-MOLM (basal diet + 10% Moringa oleifera leaf meal). Results indicate that significantly higher feed intake was observed in the MOLM group. The heifers supplemented with MOLM were having significantly improved body weight, body height, body length and heart girth compared to the heifers in CON group. Blood parameters, including Red Blood Cells (RBCs), haemoglobin, and immunoglobulins, showed positive trends, with immunoglobulin G levels significantly higher in the MOLM group. In conclusion dietary M. oleifera leaf meal improved growth, body measurement and blood biochemistry of intensively managed cattle heifers.  SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1183 10.33865/wjb.009.01.1183 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 1; 25-28 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1183/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Anwar, Syed Uzair Ali Shah, Muhammad Naeem Rajput, Saeed Ahmed Soomro, Atique Ahmed Behan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/237 2024-12-05T05:48:23Z wjb:ART driver

Effect of different priming treatments on seed germination of sago palm (Cycas revoluta L.) Ullah, Zia Hassan, Imran Hafiz, Ishfaq Ahmed Abbasi, Nadeem Akhtar Cycas revoluta, gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, germination parameters King sago palm or sago cycas are the other name of Kangi palm (Cycas revoluta) sago palm has been used as an indoor and outdoor landscape plant for centuries. The present study was conducted to estimate the effect of different priming treatments on seed germination of sago palm (Cycas revoluta L.) in the research area of Department of Horticulture PMAS, University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The Experiment consisted of ten treatments; the seeds without pulp were soaked in solution of 500, 750 and 1000 ppm GA3 and 2%, 3% and 4% solution of KNO3 for 24 hr at room temperature. In case of hot water treatment, seeds were primed at 80oC, 90oC and 100oC for 30, 20 and 10 minutes respectively.  The effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and hot water on various parameters like germination rate, germination percentage, germination value, decayed seed percentage, time of germination, number of leaves and seedling height were studied. Significant results of germination rate (55.56 days), germination value (192.19) were achieved from 500 ppm GA3. Maximum germination percentage (73.33%) and number of leaves (2) were observed in KNO3 at 2% followed by 500 ppm GA3. Similarly lowest decayed seed percentage (26.66%) and time of germination (59.41 days) were noted in 2% KNO3. The seedling height was optimum (19.33 cm) in 3% KNO3 followed by 2% KNO3. Best germination results were obtained due to permeability of hard seed coat made by low concentrations of priming treatments (KNO3 @ 3%). SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/237 10.33865/wjb.005.01.0237 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 1; 1-3 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/237/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Zia Ullah, Imran Hassan, Ishfaq Ahmed Hafiz, Nadeem Akhtar Abbasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1486 2025-03-31T10:24:41Z wjb:ART driver

Molecular characterization of curvularia leaf blight disease of olive and determination of pathogenicity by a novel disease rating scale ., Abida Abbas, Muhammad Fahim Khan, Tamoor Batool, Sana Jabeen, Kokab Koondhar, Naimatullah Ullah, Sana Arshad, Muhammad Nawaz, Ali Khan, Ahmed Cultural identification, first report, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia geniculate, genetic similarity During the last decade, olive (Olea europaea) production has significantly increased in Pakistan due to oil producing ability and medicine importance. Arbequina, Arbosana, BARI Zaitoon-1 and BARI Zaitoon-2 has recently introduced in Sukhan, Uthal Balochistan. During 2023-24, symptoms of Curvularia leaf blight disease (CLBD) first appeared, with a 97% disease incidence. Subsequently, the infection progressed, eventually covering the entire leaf and olive plant. For the first time, a novel disease rating scale for CLBD of olive was accomplished. White fungal colonies (n=89) were recorded which turned into brownish black. Virulence category of isolates were characterized as moderately (43), slightly (37) and highly (9) virulent with 37.5% disease severity. Under microscope, straight to slightly curved conidia with 3 to 4 septation were recorded in highly virulent isolates and range (n=3) of conidial and conidiophores length and width was observed as 23±2.1 µm to 30±2.4 µm and 10.4±0.8 µm to 12.3 µm ±1.2 µm and 99.6±20.4 µm to 130.6±25.5 µm and 4.2±0.5 µm to 4.8±0.7 µm, respectively. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences from highly virulent isolates (n=9) were deposited to NCBI with GenBank Accession numbers PP565050 to PP565058. The nucleotide sequences of local isolates were compared with sequences from all available isolates of different Curvularia species (n=12) known to cause blight disease across several host (n=26) species in Pakistan. The obtained ITS sequences as a causal agent of CLBD of olive were exhibiting 98 to 100% and 99 to 100% genetic similarity with previously reported isolates of C. lunata (n=5) and C. geniculate (n= 4). According to our knowledge, it is first comprehensive study of CLBD of olive caused by C. lunata and C. geniculate in Balochistan as well as in Pakistan. This emerging disease has serious threat to olive production in the province as well as in the country and precaution measures are required to manage this distractive disease. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2024-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1486 10.33865/wjb.009.02.1486 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 2; 63-67 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1486/pdf Copyright (c) 2024 Abida, Muhammad Fahim Abbas, Tamoor Khan, Sana Batool, Kokab Jabeen, Naimatullah Koondhar, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Arshad, Ali Nawaz, Ahmed Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/410 2024-12-05T05:51:16Z wjb:ART driver

Effect of rhizobium isolates and nitrogen on nodulation, growth and yield in lentil Tarek, Muhammad Billah, Rubaiyat Binte Chowdhury, Saiyera Bacterial isolates, Nitrogen, Nodulation, Yield, Lentil The Experiments were setup in three locations, Magura (23°3´ N 89°2´ E), Rangpur (25°7´ N 89°3´ E) and Mymensingh (24°8´ N 90°0´ E), Bangladesh to know the effect of two bacterial strains and 3 nitrogen doses on nodulation, yield and biomass production. The experimental material consists of one lentil popular variety viz., Binamasur-5 which was inoculated with two promising rhizobial starins/isolates namely LB-21 and LB-40 and three levels of nitrogen viz., 25, 50 and 75 kg N ha-1. The inoculant treatments were un-inoculated control (I0), LB-21 (I1), LB-40 (I2) and mixture of LB-21 and LB-40 (I1+I2). Results indicated that nodule number, nodule weight, straw yield and seed yield at the three locations were greater in bacterial isolates treated plants than in control plants. Results further indicated that mixture of two bacterial isolates had no superior effect against any single bacterial isolate. The two isolates (LB-21 and LB-40) had almost similar greater effect on nodule number, nodule weight, physiological parameters and seed yield with being the highest in LB-40. Application of 25 kg N ha-1 under both bacterial isolates performed the best in seed yield. Application of nitrogen at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 had adverse effect on nodulation, growth and seed yield in lentil. Therefore, for getting higher seed yield in lentil, should apply N as basal dose at the rate of 25 kg N ha-1 and the bacterial isolate, LB-40 may be registered as biofertilizer after few more trials in the different lentil growing areas of Bangladesh. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2021-05-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/410 10.33865/wjb.006.02.0410 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 6, No 2; 5-10 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/410/pdf Copyright (c) 2021 Muhammad Tarek, Rubaiyat Binte Billah, Saiyera Chowdhury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/508 2024-12-05T05:50:13Z wjb:ART driver

Collection, preservation, and identification of freshwater fish species in middle to north-east Bangladesh with special notes on phenotypic plasticity of few species Hasan, Mahmudul Islam, Md. Saiful Bangladesh; biodiversity; freshwater species; identification; morphology; phenotypic plasticity A checklist of 110 species of fishes belonging to 10 orders, 31 families and 78 genera was recorded with their scientific, common and Bangla or local names. These fish specimens were collected from the rivers, beels, haors, ponds and swamps of middle to North-east Bangladesh (Jamalpur, Netrokona, Kishorganj, Munshiganj and Bogra Districts). The order Cypriniformes (37%) was recorded higher followed by Perciformes (24%), Siluriformes (23%), Clupeiformes (6%). The global and national IUCN categories of these species are also provided. Based on local IUCN criteria, around 23% fish species belongs to threatened level and 5, 8 and 10% are denoted as critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN) and vulnerable (VU), respectively. Although collection and preservation is comparatively hassle-free, however, due to mingle nature of few fish species; it seems difficult to error free identification of the collected fishes by morphological traits alone. Two individuals from Sanondabari, Jamalpur (MHBSFMSTU Fish 92 and Ghaglajur Bazar, Netrokona (MHBSFMSTU Fish 84), morphologically very similar but they are completely two separated species i.e. Gagata cenia and G. youssoufi, respectively. Phenotypic plasticity is a barrier to name the fish species accurately, suggesting the presence of putative candidate species or existence of hidden diversity in the collected specimens of Sisoridae family. Due to anthropological effects, the biodiversity and fishing grounds are losing their qualities, resulting the low number of freshwater fish species in these sampling sites. The systematic, ecology, distribution, habitats of these fish fauna need to be studied exclusively and a well-planned conservation strategy need to implement as early as possible for protecting our valuable freshwater tasty fishes. Further, the output of the current study will also guide the government and non-government organization to come forward and take necessary measure for the betterment of the country, its economy, and fisheries resources. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2022-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/508 10.33865/wjb.007.02.0508 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 7, No 2; 7-13 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/508/pdf Copyright (c) 2022 Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Saiful Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/9 2026-03-13T00:26:10Z wjb:RART driver

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CARBON SOURCES, BIOMASS, FOSSILS, BIOFUELS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY REVIEW ARTICLE Anastassiadis, Savas G. Carbon sources, biomass, bioenergy, fossil fuels, biofuels, bioethanol, biodiesel, atmospheric carbon dioxide, potential future scenarios of biofuels, fermentation, biotechnology, industrial microbiology Since early human history and existence energy rich plants, wood and forest cellulosic material have been used for fire, light, heating, cooking and other daily activities. Fossil energy was the foundation of our modern society and industrialization since last two centuries, while exploration and exploitation of oil reserves and petrochemistry have largely shaped 20th century. Increasing concerns on environmental pollution, accelerated global warming, and global climate changes, continuing world's crude oil (fossil fuels) consumption and depletion, as well as energy security and energy crisis caused by daily burning large amounts of fossil fuels, led to the attraction, search and development of renewable, carbon-neutral, economically viable alternative energy sources, such as biofuels, slowly displacing petroleum fuels. In continuously growing human population reaching about 10 billion in 2050, various renewable energy sources are promoted and developed, to ensure rising energy demands in a world running out of fossil energy sources. Biofuels are produced from any kind of available biomass and categorized based on utilized carbon resources into first-, second- and third-generation. Nevertheless, biofuels’ future outlook is though beset by uncertainty. Hereby, various issues and concerns related to fossils and renewable biofuels are described and analyzed in present review article. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED Wavier Policy by Scientific Platform 2016-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/9 10.33865/wjb.001.02.0009 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 1, No 2; 71-114 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/9/PDF Copyright (c) 2016 Savas G. Anastassiadis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1113 2024-12-05T05:44:30Z wjb:ART driver

In vitro compositional and phytochemical analysis of green and black tea Aslam, Iram Ahmad, Asif Raja, Muhammad Usman Ahmed, Saleha Extraction technique, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity The traditional beverage that people consume more after water is a tea. The ethanolic extract of green and black tea have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and these activities may differ in their processing methods. In this study, physiochemical analysis of green and black tea was carried out.  The physiochemical analysis showed that green tea has higher moisture content, crude fat and crude fiber except for crude protein and ash content which is found higher in black tea. The maceration process was used for extraction purposes. This extract was used to analyze the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity. A significant difference was found in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of green and black tea. The flavonoids and phenolic content in T1 (ethanol 100%) acquired average and significant in the extract of green and black tea. The maximum value of TPC was observed in green tea extract 152.17a ± 0.28 mg GAE/g in treatment T1, and the value of TFC in green tea was found 40.26±11.387mg QE/g and the minimum value was found in black tea at 36.85±13.68 mg QE/g of extract. Antioxidant activity of green tea extract ranged from 90.64% to 69.07%, and black tea extract ranged from 89.05% to 50.93% in each extract. The parallel determination of the inhibitory effect of gram-negative and positive bacterial strains (Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was found sensitivity and resistivity towards extract of tea. The positive and negative effect was found in antimicrobial activity by using antibiotics against these bacterial strains. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED N/A 2023-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1113 10.33865/wjb.008.03.1113 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 8, No 3; 19-23 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1113/pdf Copyright (c) 2023 Iram Aslam, Asif Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Raja, Saleha Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/216 2026-03-13T00:44:32Z wjb:ART driver

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD BAITS BY USING TRAPS FOR THE CONTROL OF LESSER BANDICOOT RAT (Bandicota bengalensis) IN FIELD CROPS OF POTHWAR PLATEAU, PAKISTAN Munawar, Nadeem Hussain, Iftikhar Mahmood, Tariq Bandicota bengalensis, food baits, traps, efficacy, Pothwar The lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) is a widely distributed and serious agricultural pest in Pakistan. It has wide adaptation with rice-wheat-sugarcane cropping systems of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and wheat-groundnut cropping system of the Pothwar area, thus inflicting heavy losses to these crops. Comparative efficacies of four food baits (onion, guava, potato and peanut butter smeared bread/Chapatti) were tested in multiple feeding tests for snap/kill trapping of this rodent species in the Pothwar Plateau between October 2013 to July 2014 at the sowing, tillering, flowering and maturity stages of wheat, groundnut and millet crops. The results revealed that guava was the most preferred bait for the rat species as compared to the other three. Among relative efficacies of all four tested baits: guava scoring the highest trapping success (16.94 ± 1.42 percent), followed by peanut butter, potato and onion (10.52 ± 1.30, 7.82 ± 1.21 and 4.5 ± 1.10 percent) respectively. Crop stage/season-wise highest trapping success was achieved at maturity stages of the crop. Moreover, the maturity stage of wheat crop coincided with spring breeding season and maturity stages of millet and groundnut matched with monsoon/autumn breeding peak of the lesser bandicoot rat in the Pothwar area. Preferred order among four baits tested was guava > peanut butter > potato > onion. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2019-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/216 10.33865/wjb.004.02.0216 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 4, No 2; 17-22 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/216/PDF Copyright (c) 2019 Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain, Tariq Mahmood https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/1364 2024-12-20T16:42:40Z wjb:ART ec_fundedresources driver

Exploring the potential for organic aquaculture in Sivas Province, Turkey: A pathway to sustainable development Dirican, Seher Organic Aquaculture, Reliability, Sustainability, Traceability, Sivas Province Organic aquaculture is an environmentally, socially and economically sustainable form of agriculture. Although organic aquaculture principles and standards have been established in the world and in Turkey, there are no established and operating facilities related to organic aquaculture in Sivas province. This study suggests optimistic and positive hopes for the start of organic aquaculture in Sivas province. There are suitable and untapped water resources in Sivas province where organic aquaculture can be carried out. Establishing and starting organic aquaculture facilities in Sivas province has the potential to create new employment opportunities and make a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of Sivas province and therefore Turkey. SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. 2024-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1364 10.33865/wjb.009.03.1364 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 9, No 3; 39-43 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/000000 https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/1364/pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copyright (c) 2024 Seher Dirican https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs.sciplatform.com:article/351 2024-12-05T05:52:42Z wjb:ART driver

Non-chemical based management of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, a major threat to the citrus industry Wajid, Muhammad Mahmood, Adil Anwar, Haseeb Hamid, Muhammad Imran Xiao, Yannong Shafqat, Maleeha Nasir, Shaista Citrus, nematode, biological management, plant extracts, rhizobacteria There is a vast variety of microbes available in soil performing diverse functions for plants including root colonization for protection against pathogens and nutrient acquisition. In the present study, efficacy of rhizospheric microbial strains and plant extracts were evaluated against citrus nematode for their nematicidal activity. Three different concentrations of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro, results depicts that 10% solution of Tagetes erecta (root) has given 46% the highest percentage mortality at 48hrs followed by Tagetes erecta (leaf) and Datura stramonium killed 41% and 37% nematodes respectively, similarly for 20% of plant extract in distilled water, the highest mortality rate was recorded for T. erecta (root) 68% followed by D. stramonium 47% and Acacia nilotica 44% at 48hrs of application. While using a higher concentration 30% of SS. the percentage mortality elevated multifold i.e.  Marigold root has killed maximum 76% nematodes followed by Marigold leaves and Dhatura with mortality rate 69% and 58% respectively at 48 hrs of interval. While Eucalyptus killed lowest no of nematodes. Additionally, five bacterial isolates were evaluated for their nematicidal activity. Results indicated that for bacterial cell suspension, Pseudomonas putida has shown maximum mortality rate at 84% followed by Bacillus subtilis 73% & Pseudomonas geniculata 65% at 48hrs of interval. Similarly, in the 2nd set of experiment bacterial culture filtrates has exhibited promising results, maximum mortality rate was recorded for Bacillus spp. 81% followed by B. subtilis 76%, Ps putida 63%, after 48hrs of incubation. Moreover, an insight investigation of bacterial extracellular metabolites and plant extracts would enable researchers to develop purposeful products and compositions SCIENTIFIC PRESS (SMC-PRIVATE) LIMITED 2020-10-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/351 10.33865/wjb.005.03.0351 World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology; Vol 5, No 3; 27-31 2522-6754 2522-6746 eng https://www.sciplatform.com/index.php/wjb/article/view/351/pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Wajid, Adil Mahmood, Haseeb Anwar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Yannong Xiao, Maleeha Shafqat, Shaista Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 719ffb0c03296cbcb25e92bb47210f16